物质数量(或浓度)对化学平衡影响的新描述

外界因素(温度、压力、浓度等)对化学平衡的影响问题,无论从理论上还是从实践上都是化学化工中的重要内容;因为它们启示人们根据化学反应的特点去采取适当措施,以达到增产节约的目的。但是,在目前的《物理化学》教材中仅对温度和压力影响平衡移动给出了定量的描遮。而对于“物质浓度如何影响平衡移动”的问题,有些著作     

Fe(OH)2悬浮液在EDTA作用下氧气氧化生成δ-FeOOH的机理研究

At room temperature and in the presence of trace EDTA, the formation of δ-FeOOH was studied by the rapid oxidation of Fe(OH)2 suspension with O2. The structural and morphological changes were characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR and TEM. γ-FeOOH and (δ-FeOOH) formed simutaneously in the early period of oxidation. But as the rate of mass transfer was in equilibrium, trace (γ-FeOOH) vanished gradually. Accordingly, pure phase δ-FeOOH was obtained. At the same time, critical amount ratio K of EDTA to Fe2+ was verified. The experiments show that the reactivity, rate of the oxidizing agent and pH of the initial medium were important factors for the formation of pure phase (δ-FeOOH). Under the auxiliary effect of EDTA, the reactivity of O2 was nearly improved to that of H2O2. And the process of the oxidation that Fe(OH)2 suspension was oxidized by O2 under that condition was discussed.     

硫酸浓度对纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸，分析了硫酸浓度不同时其比表面积、失重率、红外光谱及催化活性的不同。当硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L时，它在450～900℃的失重率为3．3％，比表面积为105．2m^2／g，对乙酸和丁醇酯化反应的酯化率达到98．4％。玻璃球负载纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的重复使用性能好，在乙酸和丁醇的酯化反应中重复使用9次后的酯化率才由初次的99．3％变为84．9％。     

氟掺杂二氧化钛的制备及光催化性能

使用TiCl_4作为反应原料,NaF作为掺杂剂,采用无模板一步水热法合成了F掺杂的TiO_2样品.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等一系列手段对样品进行表征,并研究了F掺杂的TiO_2样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性.结果表明,F的掺杂使TiO_2吸收边发生红移,由396nm红移到685nm,带隙能由3.00eV减小到1.81eV,提高了催化剂对可见光的吸收能力.利用12W的蓝色LED灯作为光源,照射40min对罗丹明B降解率达到94.3%.     

添加剂对TiCl4水解过程中纳米TiO2成核机制的影响

采用沸腾回流强迫水解法,由TiCl4水溶液添加不同浓度、不同种类的添加剂得到了不同晶型、不同粒径的TiO2纳米晶.采用XRD,TEM等方法对产物的晶型与粒径进行了表征,并讨论了反应机理.     

纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的催化活性研究

利用不同晶型、不同粒径的纳米TiO2制备了纳米级So42-/TiO2固体超强酸,研究了硫酸浓度和焙烧温度对纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸催化活性的影响.反应的最佳条件是:使用锐钛型TiO2,用1.00mol/L硫酸浸泡,450℃焙烧.反应酯化率达到98.4%.     

Fe(OH)2悬浮液在EDTA作用下氧气氧化生成δ-FeOOH的机理研究

At room temperature and in the presence of trace EDTA, the formation of δ-FeOOH was studied by the rapid oxidation of Fe(OH)2 suspension with O2. The structural and morphological changes were characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR and TEM. γ-FeOOH and δ-FeOOH formed simutaneously in the early period of oxidation. But as the rate of mass transfer was in equilibrium, trace γ-FeOOH vanished gradually. Accordingly, pure phase δ-FeOOH was obtained. At the same time, critical amount ratio K of EDTA to Fe^2 was verified. The experiments show that the reactivity, rate of the oxidizing agent and pH of the initial medium were important factors for the formation of pure phase δ-FeOOH. Under the auxiliary effect of EDTA, the reactivity of O2 was nearly improved to that of H2O2. And the process of the oxidation that Fe(OH)2 suspension was oxidized by O2 under that condition was discussed.     

低温下 Fe(Ⅱ)对Ferrihydrite相转化的催化作用研究

研究了在低温、近中性条件下,在微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在下Ferrihydrite(又称为水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)的相转化过程．结果表明,微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子的存在不仅可以加速Ferrihydrite的相转化过程,而且其相转化产物的组成也与没有Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在时产物的组成有所不同,即除了α—FeOOH和α—Fe2O3外,还形成了γ-FeOOH;相转化过程既与阴离子的种类、反应温度、反应时间等因素有关,也与Fe（Ⅱ)离子存在状态有关;Fe（Ⅱ）离子通过催化Ferrihydrite的溶解过程,从而加速整个相转化过程．对该过程的深入研究将对认识和了解自然条件下铁氧化物的形成与相互转化具有重要意义．     

亚铁盐空气氧化生成γ-FeOOH反应的动力学研究

亚铁盐空气氧化生成γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ反应的动力学研究马子川１魏雨２郑学忠２郭祀远１（１．华南理工大学轻化所广州５１０６４１；２．河北师范大学化学系石家庄０５００１６）关键词γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ空气氧化动力学ＦｅＳＯ４中图分类号Ｏ６４３．１γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３磁粉迄今...