浸泡法快速制备超疏水黄铜表面

采用化学蚀刻和溶液浸泡相结合的方法制备具有超疏水性的黄铜表面.按比例配置HCl、HNO3和HF的混合溶液蚀刻黄铜,蚀刻后用硬脂酸溶液进行修饰以获得接触角大于150°的表面.通过扫描电镜对表面结构的观察以及能谱分析,发现蚀刻后的表面具有片状和微小乳突组成的微/纳二级结构,修饰后的这些结构可以捕获大量空气.根据Cassie模式的计算方程,水滴与空气的接触面积约占总接触面积的94.11%.实验研究了不同蚀刻时间对试件表面润湿性的影响,理论分析微结构的形成机理.发现最佳制备条件为：蚀刻时间5 min,浸泡时间1 h,此条件下制备的试件的接触角达到164.5°.
     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-droplet impact process on hydrophobic surfaces

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the dynamic processes of a nano-droplet impacting on hydrophobic surfaces at a microscopic level. Both the impact phenomena and the velocity distributions are recorded and analyzed. According to the simulation results, similar phenomena are obtained to those in macro-experiments. Impact velocity affects the spread process to a greater degree than at a level of contact angle when the velocity is relatively high. The velocity distribution along the X axis during spread is wave-like, either W- or M-shaped, and the velocity at each point is oscillatory; while the edges have the highest spread velocity and there are crests in the distribution curve which shift toward the edges over time. The distribution along the Y axis is 〈- or 〉-shaped, and the segments above the middle have the lowest decrease rate in the spreading process and the highest increase rate in the retraction process.     

剪切气流驱动下微沟槽表面液滴受力分析

通过对剪切气流驱动下液滴在平行微沟槽表面的受力及变形的理论分析,提出了沟槽表面液滴在剪切气流下脱落的力学模型.在卡特皮勒力计算中,分别改进了积分式中固液接触角、接触半径项,采用一个更符合实际物理现象的分段函数表征了积分式中的接触角项;而对于接触半径项,利用椭圆接触线方程导出.在拖拽力的计算中,引入了无滑移边界条件下的剪应力公式简化了已有的拖拽力表达式.利用小型风洞,对所建立的力学模型进行了验证.测量结果表明,液滴脱落所需要的风速随着沟槽尺寸的增大而增大,沟槽方向垂直切向流放置情况下液滴所需要的脱落风速明显大于平行方向放置情况.实验观测结果与理论受力模型具有较好的一致性,表明所建立的力学模型合理有效.     

Droplet impact on regular micro-grooved surfaces

We have investigated experimentally the process of a droplet impact on a regular micro-grooved surface. The target surfaces are patterned such that micro-scale spokes radiate from the center, concentric circles, and parallel lines on the polishing copper plate, using Quasi-LIGA molding technology. The dynamic behavior of water droplets impacting on these structured surfaces is examined using a high-speed camera, including the drop impact processes, the maximum spreading diameters, and the lengths and numbers of fingers at different values of Weber number. Experimental results validate that the spreading processes are arrested on all target surfaces at low velocity. Also, the experimental results at higher impact velocity demonstrate that the spreading process is conducted on the surface parallel to the micro-grooves, but is arrested in the direction perpendicular to the micro-grooves. Besides, the lengths of fingers increase observably, even when they are ejected out as tiny droplets along the groove direction, at the same time the drop recoil velocity is reduced by micro-grooves which are parallel to the spreading direction, but not by micro-grooves which are vertical to the spreading direction.     

水滴撞击黄铜基超疏水表面的破碎行为研究

采用高速摄像技术,在自制的超疏水黄铜表面上开展水滴撞击后破碎行为的实验,并对水滴破碎现象力学机理、发生破碎现象的条件和破碎过程中直径铺展规律进行了分析.测试结果表明:一定速度下不同直径的水滴均会发生破碎,直径越大的水滴破碎速度越低.从能量守恒角度,对上述现象过程进行了定性的力学解释并推导出水滴在超疏水表面上发生破碎现象的临界速度的计算公式,该公式预测值与实验值的偏差小于10%.     

Ad Hoc网络中有限重传协议的建模与分析

在节点不断移动、拓扑动态变化、带宽受到限制的Ad Hoc网络中,节点间的通信会受到收发节点间相邻概率、信道质量等因素的影响.本文应用概率模型检测技术,基于有限状态机和马尔可夫决策过程,对Ad Hoc网络环境中的有限重传协议进行建模,并使用PRISM工具量化分析了节点间信道质量、文件的分组数和重传的最大次数对网络通信的影响,验证了协议相关性质,分析结果有助于根据网络实际情况设置协议各参数,从而提高网络性能.