石炭系浅层低压砂岩油藏压裂方式优选

新疆油田J230区块石炭系油藏储层中部深度620 m,地层压力8.6 MPa,平均孔隙度7.26 %,渗透率分布在0.01~96.1 mD之间,平均渗透率1.14 mD,属典型浅层低压砂岩储层。近几年,该区先后进行了水平井多段压裂和体积压裂衰竭式开发试验,提高了油井初期产量,迫切需要对不同压裂方式的长期生产进行预测和评价。论文选取一个典型的裂缝单元,运用数值模拟方法,模拟相同支撑剂用量下常规多段压裂与体积压裂模式的油井生产规律,预测20年油井累计产量与采出程度。研究表明：一定支撑剂用量下,不同渗透率储层对应最优压裂方式,渗透率低于1 mD时体积压裂效果好,渗透率高于1 mD时普通多段压裂效果好;在相同的支撑剂用量下,体积压裂相对于普通多段压裂具有更高的初产优势,但随生产进行,体积压裂的优势逐渐减弱;对于体积压裂,缝网对储层的改造程度和改造面积是决定油井长期生产的主控因素,不同渗透率储层存在最优的裂缝簇数。新疆油田J230区块石炭系油藏建议以常规多段压裂为主,在极低渗透率区局部辅以体积压裂。论文对于西部石炭系浅层低压油藏压裂方式优选有重要的指导意义。     

石灰处治膨胀土填筑路基现场试验研究

以隆林—百色高速公路膨胀土为研究对象,开展了石灰处治膨胀土填筑路基试验路段原位现场试验研究,以探究处治土土体内土压力、温度及含水率的变化规律,确定温度、湿度和荷载作用下大气的影响深度。通过实验研究得知,土体内竖向应力随填土高度的增加呈线性增长;温度的影响深度约为2 m,土体表面0.5 m深度范围内温度变化幅度较大,且土体内存在温度滞后效应,随着深度越大,滞后效应越明显;处治后土体内含水率变化较小,说明了石灰处治膨胀土路基试验路段具有良好的保水性。     

Fabrication of seeded substrates for layer transferrable silicon films

The layer transfer process is one of the most promising methods for low-cost and highly-efficient solar cells, in which transferrable mono-crystalline silicon thin wafers or films can be produced directly from gaseous feed-stocks. In this work,we show an approach to preparing seeded substrates for layer-transferrable silicon films. The commercial silicon wafers are used as mother substrates, on which periodically patterned silicon rod arrays are fabricated, and all of the surfaces of the wafers and rods are sheathed by thermal silicon oxide. Thermal evaporated aluminum film is used to fill the gaps between the rods and as the stiff mask, while polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) and photoresist are used as the soft mask to seal the gap between the filled aluminum and the rods. Under the joint resist of the stiff and soft masks, the oxide on the rod head is selectively removed by wet etching and the seed site is formed on the rod head. The seeded substrate is obtained after the removal of the masks. This joint mask technique will promote the endeavor of the exploration of mechanically stable,unlimitedly reusable substrates for the kerfless technology.