端羟基聚d,l-乳酸及d,l-乳酸-ε-己内酯共聚物预聚体的合成

文中研究了端羟基聚d,l-乳酸及d,l-乳酸-ε-己内酯共聚物预聚体的合成方法以及反应温度、单体比、催化剂用量等对预聚体结构的影响.结果表明预聚体合成的最佳反应条件为:n(LA)/n(CL)=8/2,θ=195℃,催化剂质量分数0.3%,还原剂质量分数0.1%,总反应时间31 h.在该反应条件下可合成出结构明确、酸值较为理想、可满足进一步扩链要求的端羟基预聚体.并用羟值分析和GPc等对产物进行了表征.     

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyesteramides constructed mainly by alternating diesterdiamide units from N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-adipamide and diacids

Two kinds of aliphatic alternating polyesteramide prepolymers were prepared through melt polycondensation from N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-adipamide and adipic acid or sebacic acid. Chain extension of them was conducted with 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis(2-oxazoline) and adipoyl biscaprolactamate as combined chain extenders. The chain extended polyesteramides (ExtPEAs) were characterized by IR, 1 H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X-ray scattering, tensile test and enzymatic degradation. The results showed that the ExtPEA(4,m)s were mainly constituted with the diester adipamide alternating units. ExtPEA(4,4) and ExtPEA(4,8) had Tm of 83.8℃ and 85.8℃ and initial decomposition temperature above 310.0℃. They crystallized similarly as Nylon-66 did and were flexible thermoplastic materials with tensile strength up to 25.64 MPa and strain at break up to 737%.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polyborosiloxanesand Their Blends with Phenolic Resin as ShapeableCeramic Precursors简

Two polyborosiloxanes(PBSis) with char yield up to 74.13% at 800 °C were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of boric acid with phenyltrimethoxysilane in diglyme. The PBSis were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, IR spectroscopy as well as1H-,29Si- and11B-NMR. PBSi modified phenol-formaldehyde resins(PBSi/PFs) were prepared at different PBSi/PF mass ratios and were cured at 150 °C. The PBSi/PFs were characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test. The results revealed that the cured PBSi/PFs had sea-island morphology and higher char yield than the common PF. PBSi/PF blend with PBSi/PF mass ratio of 0.4:1 had char yield up to 70.83% at 800 °C. The PBSi/PFs had tensile strength similar to PF. The ceramization of PBSi/PFs was also studied. The silicon boron oxycarbide(SiBOC) ceramics formed were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. This method provided a valuable way to prepare easily shapeable polymer blends as ceramic precursors.     

由对苯二甲酰胺二醇合成聚酯酰胺及其扩链反应的研究

以N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酰胺与己二酸及丁二醇缩聚,合成了同时带有端羧基与端羟基的聚酯酰胺预聚体,研究了不同扩链剂的扩链反应,获得了特性黏度达1.05 dL/g的聚酯酰胺.对预聚体及扩链后聚合物进行了红外与核磁表征,研究了聚合物的结构,并对聚合物进行了DSC与TG分析.     

合成生物降解性聚酯研究的进展

对近年来采用化学法,主要是缩合聚合法及开环聚合法,合成生物降解性聚酯的研究进展作了综述。     

β－二酮或β－三酮对铈（Ⅳ）盐引发烯类单体聚合的影响

研究了β－二酮或β－三酮（如：３－苄基乙酰丙酮、苯甲酰基丙酮、二苯甲酰基甲烷及３－苯甲酰基乙酰丙酮）对铈（Ⅳ）盐引发丙烯酰胺聚合的促进作用，测定了聚合反应速度及表现活化能，表明铈（Ⅳ）盐／β－二酮或β－三酮可组成活性很高的氧化还原体系；采用自旋捕捉技术及ＥＳＲ谱研究了体系的初级自由基结构；通过ＦＴＩＲ光谱端基分析检测到这类体系引发丙烯腈所得聚合物端基有β－二酮结构。以此为基础，提出了这类体系引发烯类单体聚合的机理。     

淀粉乙酸酯的阴离子接枝己内酯聚合研究

将淀粉在二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶存在下 ,以乙酸酐进行部分乙酰化 ,制备取代度为 0 7～ 1 9的淀粉乙酸酯 (St Ac) .以萘钠与淀粉乙酸酯中残余的羟基反应 ,将羟基转化为醇盐 (ONa) ,引发己内酯进行阴离子开环接枝聚合 ,合成了淀粉 聚己内酯接枝共聚物 (St g PCL) .采用凝胶渗透色谱法 (GPC)研究了接枝前后聚合物分子量的变化情况 ,并以接枝率、单体转化率对接枝反应进行了表征 .研究了接枝条件如温度、溶剂、引发剂和单体的用量对接枝率及单体转化率的影响 .研究发现随着反应温度升高 ,接枝率、单体转化率呈S曲线变化 ,单体浓度、引发剂浓度的增大有利于接枝反应的进行 .     

端基硅氧烷化聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇酯的制备及其固化反应

以一缩二乙二醇和过量的己二酸为原料合成端羧基聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇酯（PDA），在己二酸和一缩二乙二醇的摩尔比为1和SnCl₂的质量分数为0.3% 等优化条件下，PDA的分子量为3715。将端羧基PDA与γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)反应，合成了一种端基为硅氧烷基团的聚合物（PDA-Si），这种端基硅氧烷化聚合物能够在二丁基月桂酸锡（质量分数为5%）的催化作用和40℃下，吸收空气中的微量水而固化交联，固化时间是5h，固化的交联产物中含分子或纳米级的聚酯/SiO₂杂化物。     

可降解高分子量聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)的合成

介绍了一种合成可降解脂肪族聚酯的新方法。以有机环硅氮烷(如八甲基环四硅氮烷、六苯基环三硅氮烷等)作扩链剂,对低分子量的端羟基聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)进行扩链,制得了高分子量的聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法研究表明,扩链后聚酯的数均分子量超过32000,重均分子量超过70000。采用¹H－NMR对扩链后聚酯的结构进行了表征,结果表明,利用环硅氮烷,尤其是六苯基环三硅氮烷为扩链剂,能够很好地合成高分子量的脂肪族聚酯。     

缩聚-扩链法合成脂肪族聚酯酰胺

采用己二酸、丁二醇及尼龙-66盐的熔融缩聚,制备低分子量的聚酯酰胺预聚体(PrePEA),以1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯(PBOX)或者1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯(PBOX)和己二酰双己内酰胺(ABC)作为扩链剂对PrePEA进行扩链,得到特性黏度在0.39~0.47dL/g之间的聚酯酰胺。并利用¹H-NMR、FT-IR、DSC、WAXS对扩链后聚酯酰胺的结构、热性能以及力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,酰胺摩尔分数为20%的预聚体经PBOX扩链后熔点为101.09℃,拉伸强度为11.16MPa,断裂伸长率为1071.22%;酰胺摩尔分数为40%的预聚体经PBOX和ABC双扩链剂扩链的熔点是159.92℃,拉伸强度为22.42MPa,断裂伸长率为710.09%。