Performance of a Pectinase from Bacillus Subtilis WSHB04 - 02 Used in Bioscouring of Cotton Fabrics

A pectinase produced by Bacillus subtilis WSHB04-02 isolated from soil with lyase activity operating at alkaline pH was studied. The MichaelisMenten kinetic parameters of this newly isolated pectinase on different substrates, such as citrus pectin and polygalacturonic acid （PGA）, were determined, and pectin proved to be the most suitable substrate. The effects of temperature and pH on pectinase activity and stability were also investigated. The optimal temperature for pectinase was 55℃ with a stable range of 45℃- 55℃. In general, pectinase was pH insensitive and the stable pH ranged from 8.6 to 10.0. Ultimately the bioscouring effects of cotton fabrics using this pectinase were evaluated and some promising results were obtained.     

Effects of Treating with Laccase on Properties of Dyed Cotton Fabric

A laccase （Denilite IIS） was used to treat different cotton fabrics dyed with 0.2 g · L^-1 of vat dyes or reactive dyes. The results indicated that the laccase could remove the loosely adhering, unfixed or hydrolyzed dyes from the dyed fabric efficiently, which led to obvious improvements of color fastness. Furthermore, the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the residual solution of dyeing laccase-treated was different from that of the detergent-treated, which implied the laccase could accelerate structural changes of the adhering or hydrolyzed dyes from fabric in treating, resulting in obvious color changes of the residual solution. In addition, excessive laccase also could decolorize a few fixed reactive dyes from the dyed fabric, with a decrease of color strength and less further improvements of color fastness.     

The Structural Characteristics of Side-Opening Costumes during the Republic Period of China

The structural characteristics of Chinese side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China were investigated.By measuring and recovering the physical structures of side-opening costume objects...     

离子液体预处理对羊毛蛋白酶水解性能的影响

利用一种新型绿色溶剂--离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride,[BMIM]Cl)对羊毛进行预处理,从而提高蛋白酶对羊毛的水解效率.系统研究了[BMIM]Cl预处理对蛋白酶处理后羊毛减量率、碱溶解度、蛋白质释放速率、氨基酸组成的影响,并从表面形态、表面润湿性能和纤维晶体结构等方面探讨了[BMIM]Cl对蛋白酶水解的促进作用机理.结果表明:羊毛经过[BMIM]Cl处理后,纤维减量率从2.68%提高到4.47%,碱溶解度达到11.6%,水解液中蛋白质浓度的变化显示[BMIM]Cl预处理使得蛋白质释放速率快速增加;羊毛纤维中低硫和部分高硫氨基酸百分比的降低进一步证实[BMIM]Cl预处理对蛋白酶水解起到了全面促进作用.SEM、润湿接触角以及WAXD测试结果显示预处理破坏了纤维鳞片层,增加了表面润湿性能,并且使得纤维结晶度下降,从而提高了蛋白酶对纤维的可及度,有利于酶解速率的提高.     

染整技术的进展

述评了近年来染整技术的发展,指出随着人类环保意识的增强,染整工业正逐步沿着生态和清洁生产方向发展;计算机和信息科学与染整技术的结合使染整加工朝着精确控制、信息化管理、即时化、高效化加工转变;人类对纺织品服用性能要求的不断提高,使得纺织品趋于多功能化和智能化.     

经编灯箱布的生产工艺

柔性经编灯箱布产品具有机械强度好、透光适量均匀、印刷后色彩鲜艳夺目、使用方便、气候适应性强以及使用寿命长等特点,在广告媒体中已得到大量应用.文中从原料选用、整经要求、编织工艺直至后整理等对经编灯箱布产品的生产工艺流程进行了系统的论述,对后整理中涂层、贴合两种工艺与参数控制分别作了说明;并简要讨论了编织时布边衬纬纱易出现松弛、后整理贴合牢度不高的问题.     

荧光分光光度法研究酶在非水相体系中的转酯化反应活性

以4-肼基-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂二唑肼为荧光底物,乙烯基羧酸酯、伯醇为转酯化反应底物通过荧光分光光度法比较了几种能以固体聚合物为底物的商品化酶制剂在有机溶剂中催化转酯化反应的性质.该方法使用微量溶剂和底物进行反应,测定快捷,具有很高的直观性.实验所用4种酶制剂均可在异辛烷、甲苯和乙腈中催化转酯化反应,催化能力是脂肪酶LPL-3>蛋白酶Alcalase 3.0 T>蛋白酶subtilisin Carhberg>蛋白酶bacillolysin,但有机溶剂的疏水性对转酯化反应影响较大,疏水性高的有机溶剂比较适合做酶催化转酯化反应的溶剂.和月桂酸乙烯酯相比,小分子的丙酸乙烯酯更有利于酶催化转酯化反应的进行.     

响应面分析法优化棉针织物的国产碱性果胶酶精练工艺

采用国产碱性果胶酶对棉针织物的精练加工进行了响应面分析法最优工艺研究.首先考察了沸水预处理对酶精练效果的影响,然后采用中心组合设计法进行试验,并用SAS统计软件进行响应面回归分析、典型分析和岭嵴分析,优选出国产碱性果胶酶精练工艺条件为:pH值9.1,温度57℃,时间1.25 h,果胶酶质量浓度1.0 g/L.验证试验表明优选工艺参数较为理想.     

MTG酶催化ε-聚赖氨酸接枝羊毛抗菌整理

利用新型生物交联剂微生物谷氨酰胺转氨酶(MTG酶),将具有抗菌作用的ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PLL)通过生物催化交联的方式接枝到羊毛上,并采用振荡烧瓶法研究其抗菌性能.氨基酸分析表明,MTG接枝试样中赖氨酸的相对质量分数变化增加(19.27%)明显高于吸附样(13.13%).另外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对羊毛纤维表面形态的分析和对比不同处理后羊毛织物的染色性差异,证实MTG酶可以催化ε-PLL接枝到羊毛上.ε-PLL接枝后羊毛具有较好的抗菌性能.     

溶菌酶在羊毛表面的静电自组装固定化及其抗菌性能

通过层层静电自组装法将溶菌酶和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)交替沉积在羊毛纤维表面, 赋予其抗菌性. 应用扫描电镜(SEM)考察组装后纤维表面形态, Zeta电位、染色、溶菌酶活性测试研究纤维表面组装机制并考察改性羊毛抗菌效果. SEM结果表明组装后纤维表面粗糙, 部分凹槽被填埋, 证明溶菌酶/PSS自发组装到纤维表面. 表面电位、染料上染量、溶菌酶活力随纤维表面沉积物质不同, 均呈现明显的“层层交替振荡”现象, 证实了组装后纤维表面电荷的交替变化|织物紫外线透过率随组装层数增加呈近似线性降低, 表明溶菌酶在羊毛表面实现了多层组装, 揭示了羊毛纤维表面抗菌功能涂层的层层静电自组装构筑机制. 同时, 组装层数增多, 溶菌酶活性逐渐增大. 载酶羊毛抗菌率达到91.7%, 具有良好的抗菌性能.