扭转陀螺的运动研究

运用欧拉动力学方程分析了扭转陀螺的力学特性,从理论上预测了陀螺释放后250s内的运动情况,实验研究了陀螺的定轴性和进动性对陀螺运动的影响.实验结果表明:在初始扭转力矩变大时,进动角与章动角的角速度与角度峰值都会变大,但变化周期几乎不变.     

Quantum Anti-Zeno Effect in Artificial Quantum Systems

In this paper, we study a quantum anti-Zeno effect （QAZE） purely induced by repetitive measurements for an artificial atom interacting with a structured bath. This bath can be artificially realized with coupled resonators in one dimension and possesses photonic band structure like Bloeh electron in a periodic potential. In the presence of repetitive measurements, the pure QAZE is discovered as the observable decay is not negligible even for the atomic energy level spacing outside of the energy band of the artificial bath. If there were no measurements, the decay would not happen outside of the band. In this sense, the enhanced decay is completely induced by measurements through the relaxation channels provided by the bath. Besides, we also discuss the controversial golden rule decay rates originated from the van Hove＇s singularities and the effects of the counter-rotating terms.     

自由空间中量子密码通讯实验

利用线性光学器件, 在实验上演示了大气空间中的2.2 m距离的量子密钥分配的B92方案物理原理. 实验中用高度衰减的650 nm弱脉冲激光光源作为单光子源. 量子密码通讯的优点是它的安全性. 在实验中清楚地演示出窃听者的窃听行为对通讯的信号产生明显影响, 从而被发现. 最后, 对实用量子密码通讯所存在的问题及其解决方案进行了讨论. 指出提高量子密码通讯的距离在于克服传输中的衰减. 这个问题的解决需要新的量子密码通讯协议.     

利用金刚石氮-空位色心精确测量弱磁场的探索

基于金刚石氮-空位色心对精确测量微弱静磁场进行了探索.金刚石氮-空位色心电子自旋的退相干时间高度依赖于外磁场,而不同的退相干特征时间对磁场的灵敏度不同.对金刚石氮-空位色心电子自旋在不同强度外磁场下的退相干过程进行模拟,得到不同退相干特征时间与磁场大小的高准确度关系,提出了基于响应度最高的退相干特征时间测量静态弱磁场大小和方向的方法,并分析了该方法测量静态弱磁场的灵敏度,证明该方法的测量灵敏度比一般磁场测量仪器更高.     

不同噪声环境中量子精密测量及其量子模拟实验检验的研究进展

量子精密测量利用量子纠缠和量子相干性提高测量精度.本文简要回顾了在各种噪声环境中的量子精密测量方案，包括非马尔科夫噪声、关联噪声、双光子噪声环境等.另外，量子信息的蓬勃发展让我们能够设计和利用相应的量子模拟实验，从而检验各种量子精密测量理论方案的实验可行性.     

Efficient quantum simulation of open quantum dynamics at various Hamiltonians and spectral densities

Simulation of open quantum dynamics for various Hamiltonians and spectral densities are ubiquitous for studying various quantum systems. On a quantum computer, only log₂N qubits are required for the simulation of an N-dimensional quantum system, hence simulation in a quantum computer can greatly reduce the computational complexity compared with classical methods. Recently, a quantum simulation approach was proposed for studying photosynthetic light harvesting [npj Quantum Inf. 4, 52 (2018)]. In this paper, we apply the approach to simulate the open quantum dynamics of various photosynthetic systems. We show that for Drude–Lorentz spectral density, the dimerized geometries with strong couplings within the donor and acceptor clusters respectively exhibit significantly improved efficiency. We also demonstrate that the overall energy transfer can be optimized when the energy gap between the donor and acceptor clusters matches the optimum of the spectral density. The effects of different types of baths, e.g., Ohmic, sub-Ohmic, and super-Ohmic spectral densities are also studied. The present investigations demonstrate that the proposed approach is universal for simulating the exact quantum dynamics of photosynthetic systems.     

Deterministic Quantum Key Distribution with Pulsed Homodyne Detection

In this paper, we propose a deterministic quantum communication protocol using weak coherent states and pulsed homodyne detection. In this protocol, the communication parties exchange their secret information deterministicaJly in two rounds. The devices and efficiency of the protocol are discussed respectively. We also show the security of the protocol against intercept-resend and Trojan-Horse eavesdropping attacks.