四环三萜烷的一个新系列生物标志物——羊毛甾烷(C_(30)-C_(32))

一个新系列四环三萜烷C_(30)—C_(32)羊毛甾烷,于中国中部泌阳凹陷的第三系地层中检出。这些化合物通过GC,GC—MS以及与合成标样共标共注,确定为8β(H),9α(H)-羊毛甾烷(C_(30)),24-甲基羊毛甾烷(C_(31))和24-乙基羊毛甾烷(C_(32))。本文讨论了这些生物标志物的可能形成机制以及地质命运。     

膏盐沉积环境浅成烃类的有机地球化学特征

本文对江汉盆地第三系潜江组生油岩、原油作了较系统的有机地球化学研究,认为膏盐沉积环境浅成烃类具有下列特征:(1)生油岩抽提物较高的转化率和中等的烃转化率;(2)较高的沥青质、非烃含量;(3)高硫原油是浅成原油的重要一类原油;(4)烷烃生物标志物具有高植烷、高伽玛蜡烷、正构烷烃偶奇优势或奇偶优势的特征;(5)芳烃生物标志物存在四种类型;(6)烷基苯有明显的偶奇优势。综合浅成烃类的特征认为应重视膏盐沉积环境的浅层勘探。     

一种良好的煤成油、煤成气的母质类型——泥炭藓煤热模拟有机地球化学特征

本文研究了云南金所第三纪褐煤盆地中泥炭藓煤在人工热模拟条件下产油、产气特征及元素组成、生物标记化合物等有机地球化学特征,并与同煤化程度的木质褐煤进行了对比。研究结果表明:随着成熟度的增高,泥炭藓煤具有很高的生烃能力:其最大生油率为501mg/g corg。,最大产烃量为232.1mg/g corg;在R_(ran)~o为2.51对,泥炭藓煤产气率达620.5ml/g corg。由于泥炭藓煤在成煤植物、成煤环境及物理化学性质上都不同于一般的腐植褐煤,因而是一种新的煤成油、煤成气的母质类型。     

不同模拟条件下蓝藻甾烷化合物的分布及其对比

现代蓝藻(又称蓝细菌)水压热解生成的有机质与现代蓝藻模拟硅化转化为人工化石生成的有机质,表现出两种相反的甾烷系列化合物分布特征,前者C_(27)甾烷多于C_(29)甾烷,与传统的认识吻合;后者C_(29)甾烷多于C_(27)甾烷,属异常分布,在前寒武纪富藻燧石层样品中也发现C_(29)甾烷多于C_(27)甾烷,特殊的生物来源和热解实验的介质,方法与条件可能是甾烷类生物标志化合物分布特征差异的原因。     

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF ARTIFICIALLY HEATED SPHAGNUM COAL CONSIDERED AS POSSIBLE SOURCE ROCK FOR OIL AND GAS

A preliminary study of simulated thermal maturity has been conducted to evaluate the oil, gas and hydrocarbon generation potential of sphagnum coal in the Jinsuo brown coal basin, Yunnan Province and to understand the characteristics of the element composition and biomarkers in the course of thermal alteration. The experimental result was compared with that of xylitic coal, a kind of lithotype of soft brown coal. It is considered that sphagnum coal possesses the potential of forming economic accumulation of oil and gas. Its highest proportion of oil and hydrocarbon generation is 510 mg/g Corg. and 232.1 mg/g Corg. respectively. At an R_(ran)~° value of 2.51%, the ratio of gas generation from sphagnum coal attains to 620.5 ml/g Corg. In view of sphagnum coal being different from the conventional soft brown coal in various respects such as coal forming raw materials and enviroments as well as physico-chemical properties, it is Suggested as a special kind of source rock for coal-generated oil and gas.     

沉积物内多氯联苯测定中有机氯农药的排除及质量控制/质量保证研究

报道了沉积物样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)的分析方法及质量控制/质量保证(QA/QC)研究,结果表明多级复合硅胶柱对有机氯农药去除效果良好.采用25种PCBs同族体标样PCB25对分析方法进行了QA/QC研究,PCBs的平均回收率在97%～118%之间.用本方法测定25种多氯联苯同族体的检测限范围在0.5～1.4ng/g之间.     

Distribution and Comparison of Steranes From Blue-Green Algae Under Different Simulated Conditions

Two remarkably opposite distribution patterns of sterane series are revealed from living blue-green alga (or cyanobacterium) under different simulated conditions. The organic matter derived from hydrous-pressure pyrolysis of the blue-green alga is characterised by the predominance of C_(27) sterane over C_(29) sterane; this is coincident with traditional thought. On the contrary, the organic matter derived from artificially silicified microfossils of the blue-green alga is characterised by the predominance of C_(29) sterane over C_(27) sterane; this appears to be an unusual distribution pattern. Such kind of unusual steranedistribution also has been foundin the samples of Precambrian cherts with abundant well-preserved microfossil algae. All these imply that the special source of organisms and the medium, procedure or conditions of simulated pyrolysis may result in the different distribution patterns of sterane biomarkers.     

大气丙酮碳同位素组成测定方法的研究

利用气相色谱/燃烧/同位素比值质谱(GC/C/IRMS)分析技术,研究了具有不同碳同位素组成的丙酮与衍生剂2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)的液相反应及其相应的气相反应实验过程中的碳同位素效应,探讨了以该方法测定大气丙酮碳同位素组成的可行性。研究结果表明,在衍生化过程中不会产生碳同位素分馏。本实验通过测定衍生剂DNPH与相应的衍生物的碳同位素值,大气中丙酮碳同位素组成通过质量平衡方程计算而求得。采用该方法对大气丙酮碳同位素组成的初步测定结果表明,具有相同排放源的大气丙酮碳同位素比值基本不变。本方法实验重现性好,测定精度高,可以用于分析大气丙酮的排放源研究。     

水杨基荧光酮二聚体作为荧光探针测定乐果

水杨基荧光酮是一种三苯甲烷类阴离子试剂,中性条件下具有强荧光的水杨基荧光酮与适宜表面活性剂作用形成弱荧光缔合物,在此缔合物中加入乐果,荧光强度显著回升且有良好的线性关系,方法的线性范围为0～3.2mg/L,检出限为0.014mg/L.将以上方法直接应用于谷物、蔬菜、土壤中农药残留的检测,结果令人满意.     

影响胡萝卜中滴滴涕及其代谢物生物有效性的因素

采用基于生理学的体外实验,通过模拟人体的胃和小肠环境,研究胃液pH值、胃肠中的主要消化酶对胡萝卜中滴滴涕及其代谢物(总称DDTs)生物有效性的影响及DDTs在胃肠消化液和胡萝卜基质之间的分配.结果表明:胃液pH值对DDTs的生物有效性有较大影响,在pH值为2.15时,达到最大值;在实验范围内,胃蛋白酶、胆汁盐和胰酶的浓度增大对DDTs的生物有效性没有显著影响.p, p′-DDE,p, p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT在胃和小肠中的生物有效性分别为12.4%,10.9%,10.8%和34.2%,29.1%,32.3%.DDTs在胃肠消化液和基质之间的分配表明,在消化过程中DDTs在胃肠溶液中的浓度没有达到饱和状态,在胃液和胡萝卜中的分配系数分别为0.14,0.14和0.13,在小肠液和胡萝卜中分别为0.67,0.54和0.66.