福司可林(FSK88)对HL60细胞抑增殖促分化的实验研究

研究了诱导分化剂FSK88对人白血病HL60细胞的抗肿瘤作用，将HL60细胞培养在含不同浓度FSK88的RPMI1640培养液中，测定FSK88对HL60细胞生长曲线、NBT阳性率、ANAE酶活性的影响，探讨了FSK88对HL60细胞裸鼠异种移植瘤体内抗肿瘤作用。结果表明，FSK88能诱导HL670细胞向单核／巨噬细胞方向分化，表现为生长抑制，NBT还原能力提高，酸性非特异性酯酶（ANAE）活性增加；流式细胞仪检测表明FSK88对HL60的诱导作用与细胞所处细胞周期的变化无明显相关性；FSK88可以有效的抑制白血病HL60的致瘤力，可见FSK88能抑制人白血病细胞的生长，促使其进入终末分化及凋亡。     

THE ROLE OF INSULIN MEDIATORS IN REGULATION OF cAMP AND LIPOGENESIS AS WELL AS IN DIABETES

Plasma membranes prepared from pig, mouse and rat liver incubated with insulin resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. These mediators, identified as fractions 1 and 3, were found to inhibit cAMP level in response to lipolytic hormone and forskolin and to enhance lipogenesis in adipocytes of rat. Fractions 1 and 3 have been estimated to have molecular weights of 3700—4000 and 1000—1500 dalton, respectively. This initial report will focus on fraction 1.Interestingly, liver membranes from diabetic animals were found not to release mediators in the presence of insulin. However, following in vivo treatment of diabetic animals with insulin, the liver membranes appeared to restore its ability in generating chemical mediators in response to insulin.     

自然主义——庄子哲学的特色

一部中国哲学史,有如奔流不息的思想长河,道家作为这长河中的“一条暗流”,一直“潜流于思想界而不灭”,它对两千多年的政治、文化、思想影响之巨,几堪与儒家孔孟相匹敌.向来人们谈论道家,总以老庄并称,实则以庄为主.因为无疑地道家学说从老子开始,经过宋钘、尹文、田骈、慎到等人,到庄子才集大成,正如荀子集儒、韩非集法之大成一样.对于这样一位地位鼎赫、大才(舟木)(舟木)的哲学家,很有研究其哲学特色之必要.但是从近年来学术界研究庄子的文章来看,论其性质者实众,述其特色者盖寡.本文不揣浅陋,陈其孔见,以就教对诸位老师、专家.     

家蚕脑激素的分离提纯

本文采用八步分离提取法,成功地从2,800,000个家蚕(Bombyx mori)雄蛾头部提取和初步纯化了脑激素——即促前胸腺激素(PTTH),称为“粗制PTTH”.脑激素粗提物约7微克经蓖麻蚕无脑蛹的测试表明具有生物活性.又由100,000个家蚕蛾头分离提取的粗制PTTH,再经过四步凝胶柱层析进一步纯化,结果获得3.4毫克更纯的脑激素(“高纯度PTTH”).用7毫微克高纯度PTTH,即可使去脑蓖麻蚕施发育为成虫.     

促进和抑制脂肪合成的胰岛素介体

猪肝细胞膜与猪胰岛素(50—300μU/ml)保温后,从膜上释放出一种分子量为3700D的物质,称为介体组份1,有促进大白鼠的脂肪细胞的脂肪合成作用。另一种分子量为1000D左右的物质,称为介体组份2,有抑制脂肪合成作用。两种介体释放的比率与保温的激素浓度、生物活性密切相关。用不同生物活性的胰岛素类似物处理猪肝细胞膜诱导介体释放,可得到上述用不同浓度激素处理的同样结果。进一步证明胰岛素介体的产生依赖于诱导激素的生物活性,而与激素及其类似物与受体的结合活力无关。     

胰岛素介体的功能——调节细胞的cAMP和脂肪合成及糖尿病的影响

本文报道用猪、小白鼠和大白鼠肝细胞质膜与胰岛素(100—150μU/ml)保温后,从膜至少释放两种胰岛素介体(Insulin mediator或Insulin chemical mediator),即组份1和组份3。它们能抑制脂解激素和福司可林(Forskolin)所刺激的脂肪细胞的cAMP形成及促进细胞的脂肪合成。组份1的分子量约为3700—4000,组份3约1000—1500dalton。组份1胰岛素介体为本文第一次报道的新发现的化合物。糖尿病小白鼠或大白鼠的肝细胞膜产生此种介体比正常动物的明显下降,但经体内注射胰岛素治疗后,则介体的释放可恢复正常。     

FSK88对UMR106细胞中cbfa1基因表达的影响

以大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞--UMR106为模型,应用RT-PCR方法,检测用不同浓度的FSK88药液(25,50,100μmol/L)、维甲酸(RA,10 μmol/L,阳性对照)以及FSK88 RA(等体积)混合药液处理细胞72 h后,细胞内cbfa1基因表达量的变化.3次重复实验显示:与对照组相比,经25,50,100μmol/L 3种浓度FSK88药液处理的细胞内cbfa1基因表达量分别增加35.5%,64.5%,124.0%.其中用100μmol/L的FSK88处理细胞后,cbfa1基因表达量有显著的上调(P＜0.01),并且上调作用强于10 μmol/L的维甲酸药液.证明FSK88能够通过直接或间接增强UMR106细胞中cbfa1基因的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞向正常细胞逆转分化.     

凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP研究进展

X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)是哺乳动物中具有抑制细胞凋亡作用的蛋白,是IAPs家族的一员.XIAP通过杆状病毒IAP重复序列(BIR)直接与起始以及效应caspases结合,抑制了细胞凋亡的线粒体途径,也可以通过NF-κB途径抑制细胞表面受体介导的凋亡.XIAP具有不同于Bcl-2的作用机制,是IAPs家族中最具有抑制活性的一个.XIAP的作用受到线粒体释放的蛋白Smac的拮抗,以及受到自身具有泛素连接酶E3活性的RING指结构域的调节.阐述XIAP抑制caspase以及Smac等拮抗XIAP的机理对于治疗肿瘤以及过度凋亡疾病具有重要的意义.     

LIPOGENESIS STIMULATORY AND INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE INSULIN MEDIATORS

Incubating plasma membranes prepared from pig liver with varying concentrations of insulin (50—1000 μU/ml) resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. One of them was fraction 1 of insulin mediator (M. W. 3700—4000 daltons) which had a significant lipogenesis-stimulatlug activity. The other was fraction 2 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 1000 daltons) which exhibited a lipogenesis-inhibitory activity.The ratio of yield between the two mediators produced from the membranes was not only dependent on the concentration but also on the potency of insulin and its analogs added. The result showed that there was more production of fraction 2 than fraction 1 with the inducer at low concentration (100 μU/ml), while the production of fraction 1 from the plasma membranes incubated with high concentration of insulin (300 μU/ml) was higher than fraction 2. On the other hand, insulin and its analogs which have different biological activities and receptor bindtng activities have been used t