Growth of NaBi（WO4）2 Dendrite and Mechanism

The solid-liquid interface motion of NaBi（WO4）2 （NBWO） melt crystal growth is observed in an in situ system, in which the whole processes of interface transition from fiat interface and cellular to dendrite are visualized. The spacing of the dendrite under smaller temperature gradient turns out to be larger than that under larger temperature gradient, which is found to be sensitive to the temperature distribution. The mechanism of dendrite growth of NBWO is studied based on the model of the growth units of anion coordination polyhedra. The { 001} face has two apex links, so it shows higher stability and has high growth rate and forms the arm of dendrite, whereas the {010} face has only one apex link, and thus shows relative slower growth rate and firstly forms the branches.     

世行的另类全球化思维

尽管困难重重,但世行决心依靠全球网络重新定义其使命。进入世界银行总部,首先进入你眼帘的,是正对着入口由巨大铜字组成的一句话:"我们努力实现一个没有贫穷的世界"。"世界上几乎一半的人每天依靠不足2美元生活,其中的12亿每天不足1美元;每天在不发达世界中,贫穷导致33000名儿童死亡",类似的话出现在几乎所有的世行文件中。这家创建于1944年的银行,为政府提供数额庞大且低利率的贷款,以致力于解决这些问题。     

Scaling Behavior between Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion in Solids

We experimentally analyze the heat capacity and thermal expansion of reference solids in a wide temperature range from several Kelvin to melting temperature,and establish a universal double-linear relation between the experimental heat capacity C_p and thermal expansion β,which is different from the previous models.The universal behavior between heat capacity and thermal expansion is important to predict the thermodynamic parameters at constant pressure,and is helpful for understanding the nature of thermal properties in solids.     

一种计算均匀外电场中介质球电势的简单方法

给出了一种计算均匀外电场中介质球电势的简单方法,计算中只用到积分,而不需要求解拉普拉斯方程。     

Optical and atomic force microscopic study on step bunching in BaB2O4 crystal growth

The formation of macrostep during high-temperature phase of barium meta-borate (α-BaB 2 O 4) single crystal growth has been investigated by both optical in-situ observation system and atomic force microscopy (AFM).The insitu observation results demonstrate that the critical linear size of growing facet exceeding the size that the macrostep generates is significantly anisotropic.The critical linear sizes are around 280 μm and 620 μm for {1010} and {1010} planes,respectively.AFM study illustrates that macrostep train with a height of 150 nm～200 nm is one typical morphological feature of the as-grown crystal surface.The riser of each macrostep consists of several straight and parallel sub-steps,indicating the occurrence of step bunching.Additionally,triangular sub-steps with heights of several nanometers on the treads of the macrosteps are found to be another typical feature of surface morphology,which implies a microscopically competitive bunching of sub-steps between various crystallographic orientations.     

In Situ Observation of Skeletal Shape Transition during BaB2O4 Crystal Growth in High-Temperature Solution

The transition from a fiat solid-liquid interface to a skeletal shape during BaB2O4 （BBO） single crystal growth in Li2B4O7 flux is observed in real time by an optical high-temperature in-situ observation system. The movement of crystal step is also investigated. The observation results demonstrate that the steps propagate along and parallel to the fiat interface when the crystal size is small. Nevertheless, they will ‘bend＇ close to the face centre if the crystal size becomes greater. Atomic force microscopy reveals that more deposition places near the face centre give rise to the bending of advancing steps and thus the formation of a vicinal interface structure. Measurements of step velocity show that the velocity keeps nearly constant at different moments for one specific step, whereas the step on a newly formed layer advanced faster than that on a previously formed one when the crystal size is larger than 210μm or so. Thus interracial morphological instability occurs and a skeletal interface is obtained.     

石墨烯氧化过程中的热分析-质谱以及脉冲热分析方法研究

本文由氧化石墨烯通过水热法制备直接获得石墨烯。采用热重-差热分析方法检测了石墨烯受热过程中的质量变化和氧化温度。利用热分析-质谱联用技术在400-650 ℃温度区间得到了水和二氧化碳正离子质谱峰,这说明石墨烯氧化过程中的质量损失是由羟基水和二氧化碳脱除造成的。同时,还采用非等温热分析动力学方法,利用5、10、15 ℃·min^-1三种不同升温速率获得了石墨烯材料在空气气氛下的热分析动力学参数。通过Kissinger方法计算出石墨烯氧化过程中的活化能（E_a）和指前因子的对数（lg（A/s^-1））分别为155.11 kJ·mol^-1和6.90。利用Ozawa-Flynn-Wall （FWO）方法还建立了活化能和指前因子与反应转化率之间的关系。基于以上研究结果,本工作将对石墨烯在热界面、导热和先进复合材料等领域的应用提供参考价值。     

Nd3+/Yb3+离子共掺的氧化钛基上转换发光玻璃的热学和力学性能

利用气悬浮无容器技术制备出了Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺稀土离子共掺杂的TiO₂-La₂O₃-ZrO₂(TLZ)发光玻璃. 利用差热分析(DTA)技术研究了该类新型稀土掺杂TiO₂基上转换发光玻璃的热稳定性,主要包括玻璃化转变温度、析晶起始温度以及析晶峰值温度. 并采用两种热分析动力学计算方法得到TLZ玻璃的析晶活化能值和指前因子.本文还研究了TLZ 发光玻璃的力学性能,发现其维氏硬度大小为7.50 GPa,断裂韧性大于1.20 MPa·m^1/2. 此外,还对TLZ玻璃在808 nm激光激发下的上转换发光性能进行了研究,实验结果显示光谱中有三个强发射谱峰. 优异的上转换发光性能以及良好的热稳定性和机械性能表明,这类新材料在上转换器件的实际应用中具有很大的潜力.     

磁场对氧化物熔体中振荡态热毛细对流的抑制作用研究

利用高温熔体实时观察装置观察并研究了外加横向磁场对NaBi(WO₄)₂熔体中振荡态热毛细对流的影响. 当施加60 mt横向磁场时, 振荡态对流的振幅和频率均显著减小, 并且小温度梯度下的振荡态对流在磁场作用下趋于稳定. 这种磁场对振荡态对流的抑制效应可以归结为熔体中运动离子和磁场之间Lorentz力的作用. 对高温氧化物中离子电导率进行了测量, 固体中离子电导率随温度升高而增大, 而熔体的离子电导率约为2.0×10^−4·Ω^−1·cm^−1. 这表明熔体中存在一定数量的带电离子, 外加磁场对这些运动离子施加的Lorentz力使对流有序化, 从而抑制了熔体中的振荡态对流.     

纳米陶瓷粉末分散的微观过程和机理

本文综合评述了纳米陶瓷颗粒在制备过程中和粉料混合中的分散情况和分散工艺，讨论了纳米颗粒分散的微观过程和分散机理，列举了常用的纳米颗粒干燥工艺和高分子分散剂的应用。