Synchronizing Complex Networks by an Adaptive Adjustment Mechanism

We propose an adaptive adjustment mechanism for synchronizing complex networks, in particular for sociological or/and biological systems. We do not take it for granted that a dynamical system is put on isolated nodes and they are coupled with each other by one （or more） variable（s）, as employed in most previous models. As a replacement, we suppose that each node may have any finite number of possible states, and their evolutions with time are determined by their nearest-neighbouring （or even second-nearest-neighbouring, etc） nodes in an adaptive adjustment mechanism. It is found that synchronization can be achieved for almost all connected networks and that the scale-free property can evidently improve the synchronizing speed.     

逾渗模型与复杂网络

将一个疏松多孔的材料放入水中, 水能否渗入材料中呢? 1957年, 布鲁德本特(Broadbent)和哈默斯利(Hammersley)给出了一个简单的模型用以讨论这个问题, 即所谓的逾渗模型(percolation model)。如图1所示, 他们的模型建立在一个二维的方格子上。模型中的节点表示材料中的空隙。为了模拟材料中空隙的连通, 假设方格子中相邻节点(每个节点有四个邻居)以概率p(0<p<1)相连。模型中, 一对相邻节点相连称为占据相应的边。如图1所示, 如果只标出占据边, 原系统就被分为若干个由占据边连接的节点集团, 一般称为连通集团。一个连通集团中的节点数称为该集团的大小。如果水能渗入材料中, 模型中必然会有一个与原系统大小相当的连通集团贯穿整个二维格子, 这样的集团一般称为巨分量(giant component)。这样, 水能否渗入材料的问题就简化为占据概率p与巨分量存在性的关系问题。     

小世界网络浅介

复杂网络由许多节点及节点之间相连接的边构成,可以刻画自然和社会中大量的复杂系统。网络中的节点代表系统的构成元素,连边则描述两个元素之间的相互作用。一个网络的规模大小和稀疏稠密性质可由网络平均路径长度及网络群聚性这两个网络结构性质的参数来度量。网络中两个节点之间的连边数称为两节点之间的路径长度,网络的平均路径长度是网络中任意两个节点之间的最短路径长度的平均值。网络的群聚性是对网络中各个节点的群聚系数的平均值（一个节点的群聚系数定义为该节点之所有邻居节点之间的实际连边数目除以所有这些邻居节点之间可能出现的最大连边数）。具有小的网络平均路径长度却有大的网络群聚系数的网络,便称之为小世界网络。例如在与朋友的聊天中,经常会发现你的某个朋友恰好也是你正在聊天的朋友的朋友;而某个你觉得与你隔得很远的人,其实与你很近,因为你正在聊天的朋友与这个“遥远”的人非常地熟悉。描写人与人之间朋友关系的社交网络往往都是小世界网络。     

Effects of information asymmetry on cooperation in the prisoners’ dilemma game

Effects of information asymmetry on cooperation in the prisoners’ dilemma game are investigated. The amplitude A is introduced to describe the degree of information asymmetry. It is found that there exists an optimal value of amplitude Aopt at which the fraction of cooperation reaches its maximal value. The reason lies in that cooperators on the two-dimensional grid form large clusters at Aopt . In addition, the theoretical analysis in terms of the meanfield theory is used to understand this kind of phenomenon. It is confirmed that the information asymmetry plays an important role in the dynamics of the dilemma games of spatial prisoners.     

可逆保面积映象同周期分歧的解析研究

从可逆保面积映象偶周期轨道线性Jacobi矩阵的一般结构,讨论了对称周期轨道的两种分歧行为。给出可逆保面积映象的同周期分歧条件及区分三种同周期分歧类型的解析判据。以De Vogelaere映象的实例说明了解析方法的应用。 关键词：     

SiC电子输运性质研究及散射率的简化子计算

用流体动力学平衡方程研究了4H-SiC的漂移速度,平均电子能量等输运性质,并考虑了非抛物能带效应和各向异性效应.同时对散射率的计算进行了简化,并用简化公式研究了3C-SiC的线性和非线性输运,在场强不超过200kV/cm时,引起的误差仍在允许范围内.     

DC-DC开关功率变换器的非线性动力学行为研究

DC-DC开关功率变换器是一种典型的分段光滑动力学系统, 在一定的工作和参数条件下, 系统会出现各种分岔如倍周期分岔、Hopf分岔、边界碰撞分岔和混沌运动. 系统评述了DC-DC开关功率变换器的非线性动力学行为的研究进展;介绍了离散非线性映射、分段线性模型、平均值模型等3种建模方法;分析了这种电路系统中的分岔特点及通向混沌的途径与机制;结合我们的研究工作, 讨论了对这种电路系统进行混沌控制的必要性及相关策略;最后, 从应用的角度提出了未来的若干研究方向.      

电压反馈型DC-DC变换器的稳定性研究

建立了电压反馈型DC-DC变换器连续运行模式下的频闪映射模型，利用离散映射方程的Jacobian矩阵的特征值分析了变换器在参数变化时不动点的失稳情况. 以具体的电压反馈型buck变换器为例， 通过理论分析与数值仿真，两者的结果具有很好的一致性，表明利用离散映射分析DC-DC变换器的稳定性是切实可行的. 关键词： 离散映射模型 DC-DC变换器 稳定性     

Topological Properties of Urban Public Traffic Networks in Chinese Top-Ten Biggest Cities

We investigate the topological characteristics of complex networks as exemplified by the urban public traffic network （UPTN） in Chinese top-ten biggest cities. It is found that the UPTNs have small world behaviour, by the examination of their topological parameters. The quantitative analysis of the transport efficiency of the UPTNs reveals their higher local efficiency El and lower global efficiency Eg, which coincide well with the status quo of those Chinese cities still at their developing stage. Furthermore, the topological properties of efficiency in the UPTNs are also examined, and the findings indicate that, on the one hand, the UPTNs show robustness to random attacks and frangibility to malicious attacks on a global scale; on the other hand, the interrelation between UPTN efficiency and network motifs deserves our attention. The motifs which interrelate the UPTN efficiency are always triangular-formed patterns, e.g. motifs ID 238, ID 174 and ID 102, etc.     

Opinion Spreading with Mobility on Scale-Free Networks

A continuum opinion dynamic model is presented based on two rules. The first one considers the mobilities of the individuals, the second one supposes that the individuals update their opinions independently. The results of the model indicate that the bounded confidence εc, separating consensus and incoherent states, of a scale-free network is much smaller than the one of a lattice. If the system can reach the consensus state, the sum of all individuals＇ opinion change Oc（t） quickly decreases in an exponential form, while if it reaches the incoherent state finally, Oc（t） decreases slowly and has the punctuated equilibrium characteristic.