无锡浅埋岩溶发育特征及其与隧道安全距离研究

在江苏无锡惠山附近修建地铁过程中发现了较多的浅埋岩溶，通过钻孔资料和跨孔地震CT试验对该地的岩溶发育特征进行了详细分析.同时，根据溶洞的大小、位置和填充等情况，将其分为四种类型.为了探讨该场区地铁隧道开挖后的稳定性问题，采用有限差分的方法，研究了隧道与溶洞之间的距离及溶洞填充物对隧道整体稳定性的影响.最后，根据设计规范，确定了隧道与溶洞之间的安全距离.结果表明，场区内大部分溶洞呈扁球形或椭球形，并由含砾石的粉质黏土或淤泥质粉质黏土充填，最发育的溶洞埋深在26～30 m和32～36 m，溶洞直径为1～10 m；综合来看场区内Ⅰ型溶洞对隧道安全施工的威胁最小；四种岩溶类型与隧道之间的安全距离为5 m或≥11 m.本研究成果可为江苏省浅埋岩溶地区其他拟建隧道的设计和施工提供技术参考.     

标准是企业的“瓶颈”

对于企业来说,至关重要的一个是企业的产品,一个是企业的品牌,再一个是企业的标准。目前来看,所有的企业都面临着怎样规范标准的问题,只有规范标准,企业才能长治久安。标准是不能放松的,没有商量的余地     

超纯奥氏体不锈钢00Cr25Ni22Mo2N非敏化态晶间腐蚀与磷(硅)的晶界偏聚

运用金相、电子显微镜观察及表面分析技术,研究了超纯奥氏体不锈钢00Cr25Ni22Mo2N制造的汽提管在尿素生产环境下的腐蚀形态和机理。结果表明:该钢种在生产条件下产生非敏化态晶间腐蚀。其特征是腐蚀介质不仅沿晶界向钢的内部渗入,而且同时向晶界的两侧扩展,因而在管断面上观察到的晶间腐蚀路径较宽,但深度较浅并呈现漏斗形貌。电子显微镜观察、二次离子质谱、俄歇能谱分析及计算表明,这种材料晶界不贫铬、无第二相沉淀,但有磷(硅)的高度偏聚。晶界区磷的含量(约25％)比晶内高约三个数量级。作者认为,磷的晶界偏聚造成的与晶内在腐蚀电解质溶液中的电位差,是这种超纯奥氏体不锈钢非敏化态晶间腐蚀的原因。     

微波辅助法一步合成荧光碳点用于水中三价铁离子的检测

以柠檬酸为碳源,丙三醇为反应溶剂和微波吸收介质,通过微波辅助法一步合成了荧光碳点.该方法快速、环保,合成的碳点尺寸均一、分散性好.利用透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对所合成碳点的结构和性质进行了表征.基于三价铁离子能够选择性地猝灭碳点荧光的特性,建立了基于碳点检测实际水样品中Fe~(3+)的方法.该方法线性范围为5～50μmol/L,检出限为2.16μmol/L,在加标样品中Fe~(3+)的加标回收率为96.8%～106.0%.     

低能传输段空间电荷补偿效应

近些年来,随着基础科学和应用科学对强流加速器需求的日益增加,强流加速器得到了很大推广和发展.在强流加速器的低能段,空间电荷效应会导致束流发射度的增长,束流品质的变坏.这样的束流通常需要空间电荷补偿来控制空间电荷效应.空间电荷补偿是指束流可以通过吸收与束流电性相反的粒子从而减少束流空间电荷发散力的一种效应.北京大学自主开放了PIC-MCC空间电荷补偿模型,该模型被应用在H+和H-束流的空间电荷补偿模拟当中,且得到了与实验符合得比较好的结果.     

基于地理信息系统与斜坡单元的峨边县地质灾害易发性评价

斜坡单元依据山脊线和山谷线划分的单元,能够体现研究区的真实地质环境条件,作为评价单元在地质灾害易发性评价中具有重要意义。采用地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS),运用水文分析工具提取峨边县斜坡单元,选取归一化植被指数、坡度、高程、地形起伏度、地层岩性、距水系的距离、距断层距离、距道路的距离8个因子,使用逻辑回归模型(logistic regression, LR),制得地质灾害易发性概率图,将其划分为非易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。结果表明：ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)曲线的线下面积(area under curve, AUC)精度检验值为0.917,极高易发区和高易发区内地质灾害点数占总灾害点数的81.3%,说明对峨边县进行基于斜坡单元使用逻辑回归进行地质灾害的易发性评价具有可行性和较高精度。     

New progress on beam availability and reliability of PKU high intensity CW proton ECR ion source

The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high quality 306-hours continuous wave(CW) operating curve at 50 m A@35 ke V has been successfully obtained with a standard compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source at Peking University(PKU), but the uncertainties that caused beam trips before are unacceptable during an accelerator real operation and should be eliminated. Meanwhile, no permission will be given when the beam power is upgraded from 50 m A@35 ke V to 50 m A@50 ke V. To improve the PKU CW proton source quality, several upgrades were done recently. After those improvements, a new long term CW proton beam experiment at 50 m A@50 ke V was carried out in June 2016. The total running time is 300.5 hours, including near 6 hours ion source preparation and 294 hours non-disturb continuous operation. Within the continuous 13 days operation, no beam-off happened, no spark was observed,no beam drop appeared, no interrupting action was needed, and only a few beam fluctuations caused by the air conditional failure occurred. Beam availability and reliability within the 294 hours is 100%. The root-mean-square(RMS) emittance of this 50 m A@50 ke V CW proton beam is about 0.186 π.mm.mrad. A careful inspection of the ion source was done after this long term operation and no obvious damage was found. The restart experimental results obtained after the ion source inspection prove the high repeatability of PKU PMECRIS. In addition, a 130-m A H+beam was obtained at 50 k V with duty factor of 10%(100 Hz/1 ms) with this source. Details will be presented in this paper.     

金属材料阻尼性能测试系统

阻尼性能的测试是新型结构材料和高阻尼材料的研究和开发中的一个关键问题。根据有关振动振动理论,采用悬壁梁共振法,开发了一套阻尼测试系统,可用于声频范围内金属材料阻尼性能的测定。对多种材料大批试样的阻尼性能测试结果表明,该系统具有较高的分辨率和测试精度（测量误差小于５％）。     

Analysis and Verification of the Relationship between the Maximum Mass Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Electrode Parameters

We analyze the effect of electrode diameter and thickness on the mass sensitivity. Through the theoretical approximate calculation, we find that the mass sensitivity does not change monotonically with electrode diameter and there is a maximum point. The optimum electrode diameter corresponding to the maximum mass sensitivity varies with the electrode thickness. For a particular electrode diameter, a quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)with thick electrode has a higher mass sensitivity. A proper plating experiment using 35 QCMs with different electrode diameters and thicknesses verifies this finding. The present study further reveals how electrode size affects mass sensitivity and is helpful for QCM design.