基于PDCA循环的高校化工类实验室安全文化体系建设

近年来,高校化工类实验室屡发事故,对实验室内外人身和财产安全产生了巨大的威胁.为了减少实验室安全事故,加强高校技术安全保障工作,该文提出了建设化工类实验室安全文化体系.引入PDCA循环模式,分析了化工类实验室安全文化的建设内涵,将文化体系分为事物文化、精神文化和制度文化三个阶段,系统研究了高校化工类实验室的安全文化体系建设问题.研究了安全文化评价指标体系的建设,形成了化工类实验室安全文化体系可持续性和自我完善性的发展模式.     

高校易制爆化学品管理制度的研究与完善

近年来,易致爆化学品的管理法规不断得到完善和细化。为响应国家法律法规要求,加强安全管理保障,高校需要对易致爆化学品管理制度全面进行研究,对易致爆化学品的责任主体和管理目的进行明确,并对储存、领用、使用、回收处理和应急预案等过程进行完善,利于新形势下易致爆化学品的安全管理,满足高校教学与科研需求。     

高等学校剧毒化学品的安全管理与实践

随着公安部门对剧毒化学品管控力度的不断加强,高等院校对于剧毒化学品的使用需要在新形势下合理调整管理程序,完善各项安全管理。本文论述了高等学校加强剧毒化学品管理的重要性,针对高校剧毒化学品在采购、运输、保管、废弃物处理等环节提出了具体的管理方法,强调过程化管理,切实消除安全隐患,提高了高校剧毒化学品的管理水平。     

氢催化的二硝酰胺铵热分解的从头算分子动力学研究

Thermal decomposition of a famous high oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) under high temperatures (2000 and 3000 K) was studied by using the ab initio molecular dynamics method.Two different temperature-dependent initial decomposition mechanisms were observed in the unimolecular decomposition of ADN,which were the intramolecular hydrogen transfer and N-NO₂ cleavage in N (NO₂)^-.They were competitive at 2000 K,whereas the former one was predominant at 3000 K.As for the multimolecular decomposition of ADN,four different initial decomposition reactions that were also temperature-dependent were observed.Apart from the aforementioned mechanisms,another two new reactions were the intermolecular hydrogen transfer and direct N-H cleavage in NH₄⁺.At the temperature of 2000 K,the N-NO₂ cleavage competed with the rest three hydrogen-related decomposition reactions,while the direct N-H cleavage in NH₄⁺ was predominant at 3000 K.After the initial decomposition,it was found that the temperature increase could facilitate the decomposition of ADN,and would not change the key decomposition events.ADN decomposed into small molecules by hydrogen-promoted simple,fast and direct chemical bonds cleavage without forming any large intermediates that may impede the decomposition.The main decomposition products at 2000 and 3000 K were the same,which were NH₃,NO₂,NO,N₂O,N₂,H₂O,and HNO₂.