杜仲茎部剥皮后塑料薄膜包裹的效应

本文观察并比较了杜仲茎部剥皮后,完全暴露的与立即包以透明和黑色塑料薄膜的,再生树皮的组织分化过程。结果在暴露的和包以透明塑料薄膜的树干上,新的维管形成层都在较深层的未成熟木质部中发生,而包黑塑料薄膜的,则在愈伤组织与木质部交界处的未成熟木质部或愈伤组织中发生。这种新形成层的早期分化很象原形成层,向内分化出螺纹管胞和导管,向外形成筛胞状分子。     

EFFECT OF PLASTIC SHEET WRAPPING UPON GIRDLED EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES

This paper deals with a comparative observation on the processes of tissue differentia-tion of the newly formed bark in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. when its trunk was wrapped upin a transparent or black sheet immedistely after girdling. After being enveloped, severallayers of the cells adjacent to the surface of the trunk formed calluses outward instead ofbeing suberized. Later, a cork cambium, about 3 to 5 layers of cells in thickness, appearednear the surface and the cells at its periphery were gradually suberized adn died. The new vascular cambium mny develop from the inner tissue of the immature xylemof the girdled trunk, whether being exposcd or wrapped up in a transparent plastic shect.The formation of the new cambium is about one week earlier in the trunk wrapped up ina transparent plastic sheet than that being completely exposed and two weeks earlier thanthat being wrapped up in a blach plastic sheet. The newly formed cambium possesses theproperty of a procambium in its early differentiation, forming spiral-thickened vessels in-ward and sieve eell-like elements outward. However, the constituent of the regenerated barkis about the same as that of the original.     

构树去木质部后外源IAA和GA对维管组织和周皮再生的影响

1或2年生构树的茎干去木质部后立即除去所有的芽和叶,如果对去芽顶端施以外源IAA,或IAA和GA的混合物都能诱导新的茎干状结构的形成。但GA与IAA共同使用后减少了IAA所诱导形成的茎干状结构中维管组织的细胞数。单独用GA可促进愈伤组织的形成,抑制新的周皮、形成层和维管组织的分化。     

构树剥皮再生中内源IAA的变化及其组织定位

用酶联免疫吸附法研究了构树(Broussonetia papyrifera (L.)Vent.)剥皮后维管组织再生过程中内源IAA浓度的变化,并用改进的免疫金银法测定了此过程中内源IAA在不同组织中的分布。结果表明,剥皮后内源IAA浓度迅速升高,升高幅度近100%。去除树冠和遮光抑制了维管组织的再生,但却没有影响内源IAA浓度的变化趋势。这似表明,剥皮刺激诱导的内源IAA浓度的快速升高可能是束缚态IAA的快速释放,而不是芽和幼叶新合成的结果。内源IAA组织定位的结果表明射线细胞、愈伤组织和新生维管组织内均有较多的银颗粒标记。这些似可表明,高浓度的内源IAA可启动未成熟维管组织细胞的脱分化,而较低浓度的内源IAA流则可诱导再生形成层的发生和活动。     

白皮松形成层活动周期中过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

白皮松（ＰｉｎｕｓｂｕｎｇｅａｎａＺｕｃｃ．）枝条不同组织中过氧化酶（ＰＯＤ）和酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶的酶谱也不同，而且每种组织中这两种酶的同工酶酶谱随形成层活动周期的变化而变化。在休眠期，形成层区域过氧化物酶的同工酶酶带最多，这时周皮和韧皮部中酯酶同工酶谱在正极端出现一些酶带，这可能与抗寒有关。     

杜仲形成层活动周期及过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

杜仲（Ｅｕｃｏｍｍｉａ ｕｌｍｏｉｄｅｓ Ｏｌｉｖ．）形成层３月中旬恢复活动,７月下旬形成层细胞停止分解,同时停止产生新的韧皮部细胞,但直到８月中旬才停止产生新的木质部细胞。１２月新形成的未成熟韧皮部和木质部组织都继续分化、成熟。形成层活动周期中,过氧化物酶同工酶谱和酶活性在形成层区域和木质部区域中变化最大。ＰＯⅠ和ＰＯⅡ组同工酶只在春季形成层恢复活动时期的活动状态发生变化。负极端的ＥＳＴⅢ￣Ⅴ组     

杜仲形成层活动周期中多糖贮量和淀粉酶同工酶的变化

杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)枝条中的多糖颗粒经Ⅰ-KI溶液染色不显蓝黑色反应,偏光显微镜检查也不显示各向异性。髓、木质部、木射线和皮层薄壁细胞内多糖贮量的变化和形成层的活动周期有关:从5月下旬至12月中旬,逐步积累:从12月下旬至翌年4月中旬则逐步消失。韧皮部薄壁细胞中的多糖颗粒很少,而且没有季节性变化。淀粉酶同工酶酶谱在不同组织中不同,并随形成层的活动状态而变化,但与多糖颗粒的积累和消失无相关关系。     

豌豆顶芽衰老过程中的显微、超微结构和nDNA的变化

显微、超微结构研究表明 ,短日照条件下豌豆顶芽的衰老过程是从营养生长锥向花芽的转化 ,而用DNA原位末端标记 (TUNEL)、Caspase 8WesternBlot和 14 0bpDNA片断积累的试验结果证明 ,转化为花芽的整个生长锥细胞发生了编程性死亡 (PCD) ,而且其最顶端部分细胞首先发生PCD ,而顶端周围的分生组织细胞逐渐分化出花芽的各部分 ,但顶芽最后并没有发育成为完整的花 ,所有细胞就都发生PCD ,从而顶芽衰老     

REGENERATION OF RE-COVERED BARK IN EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES

The girdled trunk of Eucommia ulmoidcs, sometimes could not regenerate a new bark due to ringed surface necrosis. But, if an extension of 10cm of the bark on each end of the necrotic part was removed in time and re-covered with new bark taken from another tree, the re-covered bark and the newly girdled part could heal together one week after. Opposite to the necrotic surface the loose part of the re-covered bark regenerated callus from the phloem ray cells. If the te-covered part was very close to the necrotic surface, no callus was regenerated. However. many scattered tracheid-like elements derived from phloem were found. And then groups of cells including several tracheid-like elements were discernible. There was a ring of meristematic cells around that group of cells. Finally these meristems gradually became normal and had usual activities of vascular cambium.     

构树去木质部后TIBA对组织再生的影响及其间过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

构树(Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.)去木质部后,IAA的运输抑制剂TIBA(三碘苯甲酸)可抑制IAA对维管形成层和木栓形成层的再生与活动,以及木质部和韧皮部分化等的促进作用。过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化与组织的分化过程密切相关。