The Role of Acetylcholine in the Cognitive Function of Frontal Neurons in Monkeys

To study the role of acetylcholine(ACh) in the cognitive function of frontal lobes, ACh and atropine were applied iontophoretically to the task-related neurons recorded from an area around the superior ramus of arcuate sulcus in the frontal cortex of 4 rhesus monkeys during the performance of two tasks. The spontaneous discharges and taskrelated responses of most of the neurons which increased their discharge rate in the delay and differentiation periods of the discrimination response go/no-go task and in the cue and delay periods of the delayed discrimination go/no-go task, were further increased during the application of ACh and suppressed during atropine. These results suggest that ACh may be involved in the excitatory process of the activity of the neurons in the above-mentioned area of frontal cortex to play an important role in the cognitive functions of attention, discrimination and short-term memory.     

动物生理信号计算机自动测试与分析系统在药物毒理研究中的应用

从中草药中寻找新药已成为当今药学界的研究热点。新药在进入临床前的实验时,动物的毒理研究是必不可少的,而动物生理信号的测试是其毒理研究中重要的组成部分。长期以来测试动物生理信号所沿用的描笔式记录仪存在着许多缺陷。我们结合药学、电子工程学和计算机软件等多学科的综合优势,研制了一套计算机控制的、用于动物生理信号的检测与分析系统,并用大鼠进行了实验验证,实验结果表明该系统通用性强、自动化程度高、存贮信息量大、所获实验数据更为科学和合理。计算机的引入将会促进中草药药理和毒理传统研究手段的更新和发展。     

乙酰胆硷在猕猴额叶神经元认知功能中的作用

本文为研究乙酰胆硷在大脑额叶认知功能中的作用,在4只猕猴进行作业操作时,在额叶弓状沟上支周围皮层区记录了作业相关神经元的电活动,观察了微量电泳乙酰胆硷和阿托品的效应。在辨别反应作业的延缓期和辨别期,和在延缓辨别作业的暗示期和延缓期放电增多的神经元,绝大多数在电泳乙酰胆硷时自发放电增多,作业相关反应增强。电泳阿托品则出现相反的效应。实验结果提示,大脑额叶弓状沟上支周围区神经元在实现其注意、辨别和短期记忆等认知功能中,乙酰胆硷可能起着重要作用,而且主要参与神经活动的兴奋过程。     

大脑额叶神经元在痛觉和针剌镇痛中的作用

本文为研究大脑额叶神经元在痛觉和针刺镇痛中的作用,设计了两套痛辨别作业,即痛辨别反应作业(作业Ⅰ)和痛延缓辨别作业(作业Ⅱ),对4只成年猕猴(Macaca mulatta)进行了实验研究。待动物学会了上述作业并进行操作的同时,引导额叶单个神经元放电。在作业Ⅰ中记录了276个作业相关神经元,其中有211个对痛和/或热刺激起反应.在作业Ⅱ中记录了73个作业相关神经元,其中有59个对痛和/或热刺激起反应。电针穴位可使动物的痛反应时延长,作业的操作正确率降低,神经元对痛刺激和热刺激的反应都有不同程度的减弱。这些神经元主要集中在大脑额叶弓状沟上支内侧的前额叶与运动前区皮层交界处。实验结果表明,痛觉刺激可以投射到大脑额叶,引起神经元活动的变化。这些神经元的机能可能与对伤害性刺激和非伤害性刺激的辨别有关。针刺对这些神经元的抑制作用,可能降低机体对伤害性刺激的辨别能力,从而有利于镇痛效应的产生。     

THE ROLE OF FRONTAL NEURONS IN PAIN AND ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA

To study the role of frontal neurons in pain and acupuncture analgesia, experiments were carried out on 4 monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during performing two tasks, the Heat Discrimination Response GO/NO-GO Task (Task Ⅰ) and the Heat Delayed Discrimination GO/NO-GO Task (Task Ⅱ). After a criterion of 90% of correct performances over three successive days had been reached, activity of single neurons was recorded from the frontal cortex. Of 276 Task Ⅰ-related neurons, 211 responded to noxious and/or innocuous heat stimuli. Of 73 Task Ⅱ-related neurons, 59 responded to noxious and/or innocuous heat stimuli. During acupuncture, the nociceptive reaction time for lever release to avoid painful stimuli was increased, the percentage of correct performances was lowered, and the neuronal responses to noxious and/or innocuous stimuli were suppressed. These neurons were mainly located in a circumscribed area medial to the superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus in frontal cortex, including the prefrontal and premotor a     

小鼠跳台的计算机自动管理系统

将小鼠的动作信号通过自行研制的跳台仪转换为电位的变化，送人Ａ／Ｄ转换板后用自行编制的ＣＰ软件程序被计算机识别，完成实验测试的图形监视、自动采样、存盘、结果自动辨别和打印的全套自动化管理。主要功能有：１．首次将人工观察的数据信号转换成图形信号，同时自动计算机出所有通道的错误次数（Ｎｏ）、潜伏期（ＬＰ）、小鼠呆在安全区（跳台上Ｔｓ）和错误区（电网区Ｔｅ）的全部时间，使得所获结果更为科学和合理。２．多实验参数的方便选择，包括采集样本数、实验时间、采样频率、刺激强度、屏幕背景和采集信号的颜色、通道名称和单位值等。３．自动辨别和除干扰（伪信息）的软件程序，保证所获数据的客观和真实。用破坏学习记忆获得的药物柳碱进行验证并与人工检测手段进行了比较，实验结果证明小鼠跳台的计算机监控系统与现有的测控仪比较。自动化程度高、提取的信息量大、所获数据更为科学和客观。在促智药物的筛选和学习记忆机制的研究中具广泛的作用。