射线成像检测中射线源焦点的影响及修正

本文分析了在工业无损检测中射线源焦点对成像质量的影响，讨论了射线源焦点对成像影响的数学模型，以此为基础，设计了相应的焦点修正算法，并给出了处理结果     

条纹投影相位高度转换映射模型及其标定方法

为了提高条纹投影三维(3D)测量系统的测量速度和准确度,提出了一种改进的相位高度转换映射模型。通过建立虚拟相机坐标系以及分析条纹信息在投射器坐标系与相机坐标系之间的转换关系,在相机坐标系中建立了从相位到高度的一一映射模型,并在映射模型中校正了相机镜头的畸变。该模型结构简单,便于结合查表(LUT)法使用。应用查表法后,模型算法复杂度极低,可以应用在高速测量中。同时,提出了一种针对映射模型的标定方法,并在相机标定过程中利用逆向投影优化过程对相机的参数进行迭代优化。标定方法简单高效,不需要参考平面,且对系统中的相机和投射器的相对位姿没有严格的要求。实验结果表明所提映射模型及标定方法可以实现快速准确的三维测量。     

Two-step pose estimation method based on five reference points

A two-step method for pose estimation based on five co-planar reference points is studied.In the first step, the pose of the object is estimated by a simple analytical solving process.The pixel coordinates of reference points on the image plane are extracted through image processing.Then,using affine invariants of the reference points with certain distances between each other,the coordinates of reference points in the camera coordinate system are solved.In the second step,the results obtained in the first step are used as initial values of an iterative solving process for gathering the exact solution.In such a solution,an unconstrained nonlinear optimization objective function is established through the objective functions produced by the depth estimation and the co-planarity of the five reference points to ensure the accuracy and convergence rate of the non-linear algorithm.The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method is utilized to refine the initial values.The coordinates of the reference points in the camera coordinate system are obtained and transformed into the pose of the object.Experimental results show that the RMS of the azimuth angle reaches 0.076°in the measurement range of 0°-90°;the root mean square(RMS) of the pitch angle reaches 0.035°in the measurement range of 0°-60°:and the RMS of the roll angle reaches 0.036°in the measurement range of 0°-60°.     

数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统不确定视角标定法

建立了数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统的简易标定模型,以实现测量系统的简便化和便携式应用。该标定模型基于绝对相位提取和空间映射技术,仅需确定像面坐标和绝对相位到空间坐标的转换矩阵。标定矩阵由L evenberg-M ar-quardt算法优化求解,其中所需的已知空间点阵列借助新型虚拟三维靶标实现。该虚拟靶标基于不确定视角摄像机标定法,仅需要一个平面靶标,避免了使用昂贵的平移设备,极大地降低了标定系统的成本和复杂度。对标定系统进行了大量实验,并使用标定球对测量系统进行了测量精度评价。实验结果表明标定精度高于0.2mm,证明该标定法具有很好的应用价值。     

最佳视角3-D激光扫描路径的自动确定方法

在3-D激光自动扫描测量中,传感器测量视角的选择直接影响测量数据的完整性和准确性。该文提出了背影轮廓法和凸包法相结合的最佳视角确定方法。利用背光板得到不同角度被测物的背影轮廓图像,根据背影轮廓法得到被测物体的粗略表面数据。以表面数据的凸包多边形作为线结构光传感器的扫描路径,改变传感器的测量视角,完成对被测物的自动扫描。实验结果表明:该方法适用于复杂外形表面的扫描,能够得到完整准确的表面3-D数据。     

A 3D acquisition system combination of structured-light scanning and shape from silhouette

A robust and accurate three dimensional (3D) acquisition system is presented, which is a combination of structured-light scanning and shape from silhouette. Using common world coordinate system, two groups of point data can be integrated into the final complete 3D model without any integration and registration algorithm. The mathematics model of structured-light scanning is described in detail, and the shape from silhouette algorithm is introduced as well. The complete 3D model of a cup with a handle is obtained successfully by the proposed technique. At last the measurement on a ball bearing is performed, with the measurement precision better than 0.15 mm.     

基于单一平面靶标的非共面点阵列建立方法

开发了一种非共面点阵列的建立方法.该方法仅需一个靶标,利用映射矩阵求解各平面的位置参数,摆脱了现有方法对精密定位装置的依赖.为了正确确定平面靶标特征点的拓扑位置,设计了新型平面靶标,借助特殊设计和共线不变性规则实现靶标拓扑定位的自动化.经试验验证,该方法建立的非共面点阵列具有较高精度,可以应用于视觉测量系统.     

Four-step DOAS calibration method of SO_2 in flue gas

SO2 monitoring in the flue gas of a coal burning boiler is important for environmental protection. The non- linearity of practical condition causes deviation from theoretical law. On the basis of the Lambert-Beer Law, a new four-step calibrntion method is introduced. This method includes cross section interpola- tion, weighting spectral region combination, acquiring the spectrum with new calibration devices, and least-square fitting. Compared with conventional methods, this new method is low cost, convenient, and accurate. In the proof test, SO2 samples with different concentrations are measured. The average errors are less than 1.5%, while the maximum deviation is less than 4.5%.     

频闪激光光栅条纹实时投射系统

设计了一种高速扫描频闪激光光栅条纹实时投射系统。系统通过现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实时监测光电探测器信号并控制激光器的调制输出,使高速旋转的多面棱镜与线激光器调制信号精确配合产生稳定、清晰、精密的频闪激光光栅条纹。系统结合了光栅条纹整体投射和线激光光源高精度的特性,具有刷新速度快、条纹分布精度高的特点,且亮度、频率、脉宽、相移可动态编程实时控制。应用该系统对微小尺寸器件进行了测量,获得了准确反映被测器件三维形貌的相位和特征点数据。该系统在高精度快速三维形貌测量中,尤其是工业现场精密器件在线三维检测场合具有广泛的应用前景。     

用于位姿测量的LED标识点坐标优选方法

单目视觉位姿测量过程中,被测物体与摄像机光轴之间的夹角随着姿态的变化而变化,并受到环境噪声、提取算法和摄像机等因素的影响,像平面的像点坐标存在不可忽略的误差,单目多角度标识点三维坐标测量方法实现了位姿测量过程和坐标测量过程的统一,能够减小图像中心提取误差的影响.本文研究了单目视觉位姿测量的误差传播模型,从摄像机图像误差出发,预测和估计输出姿态误差,选取最适合的单目多角度定位标识点坐标,实验结果证明本文提出的基于误差传播的定位标识点坐标优选方法能够有效地提高单目视觉位姿测量的精度.