压力下HfCr2合金的电子结构和弹性性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对实验上发现的HfCr_2合金立方和六角相在0～20GPa范围内的稳定性、电子结构和弹性等进行了研究.计算结果表明,在研究的压力范围内2种结构在力学上都是稳定的,但从能量上看,立方相结构能量更低,从而六角相以亚稳态存在,这与实验结果相符.随压力增加,HfCr_2合金的体模量B、剪切模量G和杨氏模量E的值均增加,但剪切模量值始终最小,表明合金抗剪切能力较差.对合金的弹性各向异性研究发现,在研究压力范围内2结构都展示出较强的各向同性,但随压力增加,立方相各向同性增强,而六角相则减弱.对各向异性的进一步研究表明,立方相和六角相的体模量总体上呈现出较强的各向同性,而杨氏模量则呈现一定的各向异性.对HfCr_2合金泊松比和G/B值的研究表明,2个相在0 GPa下均表现出延展性,且随压力增加延展性增强.最后,研究HfCr_2合金的应力-应变关系,结果表明对于立方相结构,理想的拉伸强度和剪切强度分别发生在[1 0 0]方向和(1 1 1)■方向,而对于六角相结构,则分别发生在[0 0 0 1]方向和■方向.     

Computational Prediction to Two-Dimensional SnAs

By means of the particle-swarm optimization method and density functional theory calculations, the lowestenergy structure of SnAs is determined to be a bilayer stacking system and the atoms on top of each other are of the same types. Using the hybrid functional of Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof, SnAs is calculated to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.71 eV, which decreases to 1.42 eV with the increase of the bi-axial tensile stress up to 2%, corresponding to the ideal value of 1.40 eV for potential photovoltaic applications. Based on the deformation potential theory, the two-dimensional(2 D) SnAs has high electron motilities along x and y directions(1.63 × 10~3 cm~2 V~(-1)s~(-1)). Our calculated results suggest that SnAs can be viewed as a new type of 2 D materials for applications in optoelectronics and nanoelectronic devices.     

四方Mo2B基本物性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对新近发现的四方Mo2B在0～40 GPa压力范围内的物性进行了研究,研究内容包括弹性、各向异性、脆性延展性、硬度、理论强度、热容、热膨胀系数等基本物理性质.研究发现在0～40 GPa压力范围内,四方Mo2B晶体均满足力学稳定性条件,并且表现出较强的各向同性.同时发现该晶体具有较高的抗压缩能力,但抗剪切能力较差,抗压和抗剪切能力会随压力增加而增长.此外还发现四方Mo2B为韧性材料,且压力越大韧性越强.计算显示它的维氏硬度为14.3 GPa,限制其作为超硬材料的应用.通过应力-应变的计算发现其不同方向的理想拉伸及剪切强度都比较低.此外,还利用准谐德拜模型研究了四方Mo2B的热膨胀系数以及定容热容等热力学性质.     

BaC2高压相R3m的电子结构与力学性质的第一原理

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究BaC₂高压相R3m的晶体结构、 力学、  热力学和电子结构等性质. 计算结果表明:  BaC₂的I4mmm相较高压相R3m的离子性更强. 在0 K 时, 由BaC₂的I4mmm相转变为R3m相的压强为3.6 GPa, 与实验结果相符. 高压相R3m的弹性常数满足波恩\|黄昆判据, 因而其晶格力学性质稳定. 布居数分析表明, 在高压下, 从Ba原子至C原子的电荷转移在I4mmm至R3m相变过程中所起的作用较大.      

N在Zn1-xBexO合金中热力学稳定性的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理计算方法,通过改变Zn1-xBexO合金中Be的浓度及其掺杂位型,研究N在Zn1-xBexO合金中的形成能和受主离化能,分析了p型导电的可能性.结果表明:Be-N共掺杂时,N优先占据周围没有Be的O位置,每增加一个Be近邻掺杂原子,No的形成能增加约0.2 eV.当近邻Be原子数为2和3时,No的受主离化能比较低.Be浓度为11at;时,具有2个近邻Be原子的No的受主离化能降低至0.1 eV左右,可以认为是浅受主,Be-N共掺ZnO才可能呈p型导电.考虑No在室温条件下的受主离化率和No形成能的影响,估算出Be-N所提供的空穴载流子浓度不会高于1017 cm-3;如果计及n型背景载流子的补偿效应,Be-N共掺ZnO的p型导电率应该比较低.     

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of SiC_2N_4 under high pressure from first principles

First principles calculations are preformed to systematically investigate the electronic structures, elastic and thermodynamic properties of the monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of Si C2N4 under pressure. The calculated structural parameters and elastic moduli are in good agreement with the available theoretical values at zero pressure. The elastic constants of the two phases under pressure are calculated by stress–strain method. It is found that both phases satisfy the mechanical stability criteria within 60 GPa. With the increase of pressure, the degree of the anisotropy decreases rapidly in the monoclinic phase, whereas it remains almost constant in the orthorhombic phase. Furthermore, using the hybrid density-functional theory, the monoclinic and orthorhombic phases are found to be wide band-gap semiconductors with band gaps of about 2.85 e V and 3.21 e V, respectively. The elastic moduli, ductile or brittle behaviors, compressional and shear wave velocities as well as Debye temperatures as a function of pressure in both phases are also investigated in detail.     

FLAC在废弃巷道上方土地建筑利用安全性评价中的应用

城市废弃工矿土地再利用是国家“十一五”科技支撑项目,而矿区沉陷土地作为建筑用地是一个重要的应用途径。文中利用FLAC软件对废弃巷道上方建设大型工业建筑对巷道的扰动情况进行了计算分析,得出了当巷道埋藏深度大于35m后对地面建筑物基本无影响的结论,指导了工程实践,具有一定的实用价值。     

A diode laser spectrometer at 634nm and absolute frequency measurements using optical frequency comb

This paper reports that two identical external-cavity-diode-laser (ECDL) based spectrometers are constructed at 634 nm referencing on the hyperfine B-X transition R(80)8-4 of ¹²⁷I₂. The lasers are stabilized on the Doppler-free absorption signals using the third-harmonic detection technique. The instability of the stabilized laser is measured to be 2.8×10^-12 (after 1000 s) by counting the beat note between the two lasers. The absolute optical frequency of the transition is, for the first time, determined to be 472851936189.5 kHz by using an optical frequency comb referenced on the microwave caesium atomic clock. The uncertainty of the measurement is less than 4.9 kHz.     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜研究

在硅酸盐电解液中采用微弧氧化法在2024铝合金表面形成氧化物陶瓷膜.分别用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪研究了陶瓷膜的组织形貌和相组成.相对致密均匀的膜层主要由α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3和少量的非晶相物质组成.陶瓷层纳米硬度从内部到外部呈下降趋势.     

浅议施工项目的生产要素管理

一个建筑产品的施工活动是一次性的施工任务,施工项目是建筑施工企业面向建筑市场的窗口。所谓施工项目管理是指在建设项目的生产周期内,用系统工程的理论、观点和方法进行有效的规划、决策、组织、协调、控制等系统的科学的管理活动。