颗粒流的动力学模型和实验研究进展

首先叙述了颗粒流研究的背景和基本概念,接着概述了颗粒流动力学研究的三种基本数学力学模型:颗粒动理论(kinetic theory)模型、摩擦塑性模型和离散元模拟模型.介绍了它们的基本原理,并分析了各个模型的优缺点和适用范围.随之,对颗粒流的实验研究情况作了简要的介绍,列举了研究中几种常用的试验方法和观测手段,以及观测到的一些典型现象.最后,我们简述了颗粒流研究的主要困难,并提出了某些有待解决的研究课题.      

RECONSTRUCTION OF PART OF AN ACTUAL BLAST-WAVE FLOW FIELD TO AGREE WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA BY USING NUMERICAL METHOD WITH HIGH IDENTIFICATION

In this paper,on the basis of experimental data of two kinds of chemical explosions,the piston-pushing model of spherical blast-waves and the second-order Godunov-type scheme of finite difference methods with high identification to discontinuity are used to the numerical reconstruction of part of an actual hemispherical blast-wave flow field by properly adjusting the moving bounary conditions of a piston.This method is simple and reliable.It is suitable to the evaluation of effects of the blast-wave flow field away from the explosion center.     

Complex force network in marginally and deeply jammed solids

This paper studies the force network properties of marginally and deeply jammed packings of frictionless soft particlesfrom the perspective of complex network theory. We generate zero-temperature granular packings at different pressures by minimizing the inter-particle potential energy. The force networks are constructed as nodes representing particles and links representing normal forces between the particles. Deeply jammed solids show remarkably different behavior from marginally jammed solids in their degree distribution, strength distribution, degree correlation, and clustering coefficient. Bimodal and multi-modal distributions emerge when the system enters the deep jamming region. The results also show that small and large particles can show different correlation behavior in this simple system.     

中低轨道航天器表面充电中地磁场的影响及其数值模拟

本文研究地磁场对中低轨道航天器表面充电现象的影响．根据航天飞行器带电机制,选用粒子模型,在粒子轨道跟踪的基础上,建立了时间依赖的粒子推进的计算模型,计算了飞行器表面充电的平衡电位,计算结果与观测吻合．     

粉尘气体中激波绕射的数值研究*

本文针对稀相气固两相体系,选取双流体耦合模型,综合运用算子分裂技术和高精度高分辨率数值方法,研究了激波在粉尘气体中沿90°拐角的绕射特性,揭示了固相颗粒及其物性改变对激波绕射特征和波后流场结构的影响.     

ADCP在琼州海峡悬沙观测中的应用

根据琼州海峡西口一测站4个季节的声学多普勒流速剖面仪(简称ADCP)回波强度数据以及现场采集的水样反演了悬沙浓度(SSC).结果显示,春季悬沙浓度为0.017～0.05 kg/m3,平均0.025 kg/m3,夏季悬沙浓度为0.012～0.026 kg/m3,平均0.017 kg/m3,秋季悬沙浓度为0.012～0.074 kg/m3,平均0.028 kg/m3,冬季悬沙浓度为0.012～0.1 kg/m3,平均0.028 kg/m3,悬沙的沉积和再悬浮跟潮流密切相关,各季节流速的不同导致夏季悬沙浓度明显的小于其他季节,大小潮流速的差别导致大潮期间的悬沙浓度大于小潮期间的悬沙浓度.观测点海水和悬沙由表到底都是全年向西输送,春季净输沙量为-7.5×104 kg,夏季净输沙量为-1.3×104 kg,秋季净输沙量为-3.03×105 kg,冬季净输沙量为-1.05×105 kg.     

两种高分辨率数值方法计算波前有非均匀流的变截面管内激波传播规律的比较

本文采用两种对间断解具有高分辨率的数值方法基于推广Riemann问题解的二阶Godunov型有限差分法和分裂算子的随机选取法,计算了微波在波前有非均匀定常流的一维变截面管道中的传播和波后流场特征,得到一致结果,用数值模拟方法揭示了这类运动的一些特殊规律。对比两种方法的计算过程和结果,可以看出,二阶Godunov型方法明显优于随机选取法。     

Analysis of the structural properties of the solutions to speed gradient traffic flow model

In this paper, we carry out an analysis of the structural properties of the solutions to the speed gradient (SG) traffic flow model. Under the condition that the relaxation effect can be neglected, it is shown that a 1-shock or a 1-rarefaction is associated with the first characteristic, but on the other hand, a contact discontinuity rather than a 2-shock or a 2-rarefaction is associated with the second characteristic. Since the existence of a 2-shock or 2-rarefaction violates the physical mechanism of the traffic flow, the SG model is more reasonable. If the relaxation effect cannot be neglected, it is somewhat difficult to carry out the analytical analysis and the numerical simulation results should be obtained. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10272101)     

毛细管压力对凝析气体系相态行为的影响

在低渗透多孔介质中，由于孔隙半径小而不能忽略毛细管压力对油气体系相平衡的影响。针对这一问题。建立了考虑毛细管压力的相平衡计算模型。利用K值多组分模型（KCOM-PVT）软件中的相态模拟计算模块。对一个实际凝析气藏中油气体系的毛细管压力，露点压力和恒组成膨胀过程中反凝析液量进行了模拟计算，论证了毛细管压力对凝析气体系相平衡的影响程度，计算结果表明，润湿性决定毛细管压力对凝析气体系相态行为影响的方式，当润湿角θ为0-π/2时，油气体系的上露点压力上升，恒组成膨胀过程中反凝析液量增加；当润湿角θ为π/2-π时，其变化趋势相反，毛细管半径和界面张力决定毛细管压力对凝析气体系相态行为影响的强弱，只有当毛细管半径低于10^-5cm时，毛细管压力对油气体系相平衡的影响才变得明显。     

带激波的一维非定常两相流动的数值模拟

本文将处理带激波的单相气体非定常流动问题的两种高分辨数值方法(随机取样法和二阶GRP有限差分法)推广应用于气固悬浮体(亦称含灰气体)两相情况,计算了含灰气体激波管中两相激波特性、波后流场结构及气固两相流动参数随时间的变化.数值结果表明:这两种方法均能给出带有尖锐间断阵面的两相激波松弛结构.二阶GRP方法在计算精度和机时耗用等方面优于随机取样法.