采用正交设计和响应曲面设计法优化芦苇随机扩增多态DNA体系

采用正交设计和响应曲面设计(RSD)优化适合于芦苇[Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin.ex steud]增多态DNA(RAPD)的反应体系,结果确定芦苇RAPD反应体系的最佳方案为：在PCR扩增程序,冷启动,94℃变性1min,36℃复性90s,72℃延伸2min,40个循环;72℃延伸7min,4℃保存;25μl反应体系包括模板DNA 60ng、三磷酸脱氧核苷酸(dNTP)7．5mmol、Taq酶1．5u、引物5pmol。     

芦苇的起源、扩张与衰退

芦苇是世界重要的湿地物种,它是一种对环境干扰表现十分敏感的克隆植物。本文综述了芦苇的起源、扩张与衰退,并进一步探讨了芦苇扩张与衰退的原因可能是由于人为的干扰与更有竞争力的基因型侵入造成的。为了更好的利用芦苇资源,人类应采取的策略是最大限度地减少对芦苇生境的干扰。     

新型Au-Ag-Ge钎料的性能及焊接界面特征

根据Au-Ag-Ge三元相图,制备2种新型钎料合金Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge和Au-21.06Ag-13.09Ge(质量分数,%)。利用差热分析仪和Sirion200场发射扫描电镜对钎料的熔化特性及显微组织进行分析,并对其与纯Ni的润湿性加以研究。研究结果表明:Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好,其熔化温度范围为446.76～494.40℃,结晶温度区间为47.64℃;焊接温度在510～550℃范围内时,Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性,焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层,能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5,由于该化合物较脆,过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降,故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of a Hall thruster with a chamfered channel wall

A discharge channel with a chamfered wall not only has application in the design of modern Hall thrusters, but also exists where the channel wall is eroded, and so is a common status for these units. In this paper, the laws and mechanisms that govern the effect of the chamfered wall on the performance of a Hall thruster are investigated. By applying both experimental measurement and particle-in-cell simulation, it is determined that there is a moderate chamfer angle that can further improve the optimal performance obtained with a straight channel. This is because the chamfering of the wall near the channel exit can enhance ion acceleration and effectively reduce ion recombination on the wall, which is favorable to the promotion of the thrust and efficiency. However, the chamfer angle should not be too large; otherwise, both the density of the propellant gas and the distribution of the plasma potential in the channel are influenced, which is undesirable for efficient propellant utilization and beam concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that the chamfer shape of the channel wall is an important factor that must be carefully considered in the design of Hall thrusters.     

溶剂热制备Co掺杂ZnO纳米花及其光催化降解甲基橙

采用简单的溶剂热法制备了ZnO纳米花状枝晶,枝晶主干长约400～500 nm,晶枝长约500～700 nm.利用XRD、SEM及EDS测试手段对ZnO纳米花进行物相、结构、形貌和成分表征的结果显示,ZnO纳米花为六方相纤锌矿结构,其中有少量钴的掺杂.所制备的ZnO纳米花对甲基橙溶液具有很好的光催化性能,在1.5 h光催化实验后,其降解率达到91.1%.