Strain-mediated magnetoelectric control of tunneling magnetoresistance in magnetic tunneling junction/ferroelectric hybrid structures

Because of the wide selectivity of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric (FE) components, electric-field (E-field) control of magnetism via strain mediation can be easily realized through composite multiferroic heterostructures. Here, an MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is chosen rationally as the ferromagnetic constitution and a high-activity (001)-Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)$_{0.7}$Ti$_{0.3}$O$_{3}$ (PMN-0.3PT) single crystal is selected as the FE component to create a multiferroic MTJ/FE hybrid structure. The shape of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) versus in situ E-fields imprints the butterfly loop of the piezo-strain of the FE without magnetic-field bias. The E-field-controlled change in the TMR ratio is up to $-$0.27% without magnetic-field bias. Moreover, when a typical magnetic field ($\sim \pm 10$ Oe) is applied along the minor axis of the MTJ, the butterfly loop is changed significantly by the E-fields relative to that without magnetic-field bias. This suggests that the E-field-controlled junction resistance is spin-dependent and correlated with magnetization switching in the free layer of the MTJ. In addition, based on such a multiferroic heterostructure, a strain-gauge factor up to approximately 40 is achieved, which decreases further with a sign change from positive to negative with increasing magnetic fields. This multiferroic hybrid structure is a promising avenue to control TMR through E-fields in low-power-consumption spintronic and straintronic devices at room temperature.     

Switching between the Functions of Half-Wave Plate and Quarter-Wave Plate Simply by Using a Vanadium Dioxide Film in a Terahertz Metamaterial

We propose a switchable THz metamaterial that can be switched between two functions of half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate.The two switchable functions can be simply achieved by inserting a VO₂ film in the metamaterial design.Finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) simulation results show that the proposed metamaterial can convert x-polarized incident wave to y-polarized reflected wave when VO₂ is at metal phase,and convert x-polarized wave to circularly polarized wave when ...     

盐度对PCE在饱水单裂隙中运移分布及质量溶出的影响

为研究盐度对重非水相液体(dense non-aqueous liquid,DNAPL)污染物在饱水单裂隙中运移分布以及溶出行为的影响,选取四氯乙烯(perchlorethylene,PCE)作为代表性DNAPL,通过改变流经裂隙介质中盐溶液浓度,测定不同盐度条件下PCE/水/裂隙介质三相体系中界面张力和接触角,并用光...