Un nouveau regard sur la société virtuelle

The importance of rigorous research into the actual impact of the new Information and Communication Technologies (icts) on society in general cannot be overemphasised. The answer to questions concerning the precise effect ofiCTs on interpersonal relations, communication, social inclusion and exclusion, trust and identity are now central to discussion in both commercial and business fora. This paper examines the concept of the “virtual society“ in the light of the findings of the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) Virtual Society? Programme (1997–2002). The paper describes the need to rethink the actual approaches used in researching this area of social science at the same time as performing the analyses themselves. The author also highlights the requirement for future research to examine actual on the ground experiences. How are new technologies actually used and by whom? In addition, the author utilises his overview of this large body of research to put forward a useful guide for predicting the use of ICTs in practice. These “5 rules of virtuality” serve as pointers to the experiences that may be encountered in the development and implementation of new technologies.     

WiMedia UWB 技术追踪

采用WiMedia UWB标准的越来越多 WiMedia通用无线电平台是实现传输速率高达480Mb／s（更高的传输速率正在开发中）无线个人局域网（WPAN）的基础。这个平台并不局限于某一类应用，而是允许同时存在不同的协议适配层，如图1所示。WiMedia规范既规定了一些如无线USB之间相互通信的应用，也规定其他不相互通信的接口同时存在的应用。     

电源通路管理器集成电路提供高压保护

描述电源通路管理器ICs的特点和应用.     

Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Particles by Sol-Gel Chemistry

The synthesis of ORganically MOdified SILica (ORMOSIL) particles has been carried out using both the hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol-gel routes. The hybrid (nano)composites are organically modified with an alkyl or aryl group covalently bonded to silicon. Hybrids have been synthesised in an aqueous sol-gel process by a modified Stöber route, producing spherical nanoparticles with diameters in the range 50–300 nm. The size of the particles can be controlled by control of certain reaction parameters. Smaller ormosil nanoparticles can be synthesised by a base-catalysed emulsion polymerisation route, by varying the type and concentration of surfactant and precursor feed rate. In this case, particles in the size range 3.5–10 nm can be obtained. Hybrids have been synthesised from hyperbranched polyesters by encapsulation in a silica matrix using the hydrolytic sol-gel route. Optimisation of the reaction conditions allows the hybrids to be produced as isolated sub-micron spherical particles. Ormosil particles have also been synthesised using the non-hydrolytic sol-gel route, which may lead to products of different morphologies because of the different polarity of the reaction medium. Different reaction conditions were studied in order to optimise the size and shape of the particles, including choice of solvent, use of surfactants and addition of polystyrene. Dimethylsulfoxide acts as a novel oxygen donor for the catalyst-free formation of colourless silsesquioxanes.     

Degradative chain transfer in vinyl acetate polymerizations using toluene as solvent

In this work, we propose that retardation in vinyl acetate polymerization rate in the presence of toluene is due to degradative chain transfer. The transfer constant to toluene (C_trs) determined using the Mayo method is equal to 3.8 × 10^?3, which is remarkably similar to the value calculated from the rate data, assuming degradative chain transfer (2.7 × 10^?3). Simulations, including chain‐length‐dependent termination, were carried out to compare our degradative chain transfer model with experimental results. The conversion–time profiles showed excellent agreement between experiment and simulation. Good agreement was found for the M_n data as a function of conversion. The experimental and simulation data strongly support the postulate that degradative chain transfer is the dominant kinetic mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3620–3625, 2007     

NMR AND DFT STUDY OF Co-C BOND ACTIVATION MECHANISM IN VITAMIN B_(12) COMPOUNDS

This report focuses on a theoretical study of the cobalt-cabon bond activation mechanism in Vitamin B12, its co enzyme complexes, and model compounds such as cobalamins (Cbl), cobaloximes and cobalt porphyrins. In particular, emphasis is placed on the nucleotide loop and its role in the base on and base off mechanism.     

A dynamic scorecard for monitoring baseline performance with application to tracking a mortgage portfolio

A principled technique for monitoring the performance of a consumer credit scorecard through time is derived from Kalman filtering. Standard approaches sporadically compare certain characteristics of the new applicants with those predicted from the scorecard. The new approach systematically updates the scorecard combining new applicant information with the previous best estimate. The dynamically updated scorecard is tracked through time and compared to limits calculated by sequential simulation from the baseline scorecard. The observation equation of the Kalman filter is tailored to take the results of fitting local scorecards by logistic regression to batches of new clients that arrive in the current time interval. The states in the Kalman filter represent the true or underlying score for each attribute in the card: the parameters of the logistic regression. Their progress in time is modelled by a random walk and the filter provides the best estimate of the scores using past and present information. We illustrate the technique using a commercial mortgage portfolio and the results indicate significant emerging deficiencies in the baseline scorecard.