Real-time processing and compression of DNA microarray images.

In this paper, we present a pipeline architecture specifically designed to process and compress DNA microarray images. Many of the pixilated image generation methods produce one row of the image at a time. This property is fully exploited by the proposed pipeline that takes in one row of the produced image at each clock pulse and performs the necessary image processing steps on it. This will remove the present need for sluggish software routines that are considered a major bottleneck in the microarray technology. Moreover, two different structures are proposed for compressing DNA microarray images. The proposed architecture is proved to be highly modular, scalable, and suited for a standard cell VLSI implementation.     

Efficient regio- and stereoselective ring opening of epoxides with alcohols, acetic acid and water catalyzed by ammonium decatungstocerate(IV)

Epoxides can be cleaved in a regio- and stereoselective manner under neutral conditions with alcohols and acetic acid in the presence of catalytic amounts of decatungstocerate(IV) ion, ([CeW₁₀O₃₆]⁸⁻), affording the corresponding β-alkoxy and β-acetoxy alcohols in high yields. In water, ring opening of epoxides occurs with this catalyst to produce the corresponding diols in good yields.     

Simulation of interconnect inductive impact in the presence of process variations in 90 nm and beyond

The on-chip inductive impact on signal integrity has been a problem for designs in deep-submicrometer technologies. The inductive impact increases the clock skew, max timing, and noise of bus signals. In this letter, circuit simulations using silicon-validated macromodels show that there is a significant inductive impact on the signal max timing (/spl sim/ 10% pushout versus RC delay) and noise (/spl sim/2/spl times/RC noise). In nanometer technologies, process variations have become a concern. Results show that device and interconnect process variations add /spl sim/ 3% to the RLC max-timing impact. However, their impact on the RLC signal noise is not appreciable. Finally, inductive impact in 65- and 45-nm technologies is investigated, which indicates that the inductance impact will not diminish as technology scales.     

High Input Impedance NMOS-based Phase Shifter with Minimum Number of Passive Elements

In this paper, a new voltage-mode (VM) first-order phase shifter (all-pass filter) employing only four NMOS transistors and minimum number of passive elements (i.e. one resistor and one capacitor) is proposed. The proposed VM phase shifter has high input impedance and does not require passive element matching constraints. Moreover, since only two NMOS transistors are stacked between positive and negative supply voltages, the proposed circuit is suitable for low-voltage operation. Electronic tunability can be provided easily by replacing the employed resistor with an NMOS transistor operating in triode region. Simulation results based on 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS parameters with ±0.9 V supply voltages are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed phase shifter.     

Molybdenum (VI)‐functionalized UiO‐66 provides an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst in oxidation reactions

A novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst was established by supporting molybdenum (VI) on Zr₆ nodes in the structure of the well‐known UiO‐66 metal–organic framework (MOF). The structure of the UiO‐66 before and after Mo (VI) immobilization was confirmed with XRD, DR‐FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy, and the presence and amount of Mo (VI) was identified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. TEM imaging confirmed the absence of Mo clusters on the MOF surface, while SEM confirmed that the appearance of the MOF has not changed upon immobilizing the Mo (VI) catalyst. BET adsorption measurements were used to confirm the porosity of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of this heterogeneous catalyst was investigated in oxidation of sulfides with H₂O₂ in acetonitrile and oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Easy work up, convenient and steady reuse and high activity and selectivity are prominent properties of this new hybrid material.     

An efficient,expeditious, and diastereoselective one-pot pseudo-five-component reaction for the synthesis of new bis-Betti bases under catalyst-free conditions

A novel, diastereoselective, one-pot synthesis of new bis-Betti bases via condensation of dihydroxynaphthalene, two equivalents of aryl aldehydes, and two equivalents of 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole is reported. Conversion into the adducts was almost quantitative without the use of solvent or catalyst. The reaction conditions are very simple and enable easy isolation of the product.     

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction using low density solvent for analysis of toxic nitrophenols in natural waters

An ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) based on low-density solvents was successfully applied for the extraction and pre-concentration of four toxic nitrophenols in water samples. The extracted analytes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. The important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized utilizing two different optimization methods: one variable at a time (OVAT) and central composite design (CCD). The results showed that the emulsification process can be completed in a few seconds using low-density solvents, but almost 10–20?min is necessary for high-density solvents. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent, 1-octanol; extraction solvent volume, 40?µL; sample pH, 3.0; salt concentration, 20% (w/v) NaCl; extraction temperature, 40 (±3)°C), limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.25 to 1?µg?L^?1 and the repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative deviation, varied in the range of 2.2–4.2% and 4.7–6.9%, respectively. Linearity was found to be in the range of 1 to 200?µg?L^?1 and the preconcentration factors (PFs) were between 77 and 175. The relative recoveries of the four nitrophenols from water samples at spiking level of 10.0?µg?L^?1 were in the range of 92.0 to 115.0%.     

A combined experimental and computational investigation of the binary mixtures of 2-methylcyclohexanol and isobutanol

Structural Chemistry - The measured densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures of the isobutanol and 2-methylcyclohexanol were reported experimentally in a certain range of concentrations at...     

A highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of ultra trace amounts of azide ion in water and biological samples after preconcentration using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique

A simple and highly sensitive method developed for preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of ultra trace amounts of azide ion (N ₃ ^? ) in water and biological samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique. The method is based on ion association formation of azide ion with malachite green and extraction of the ion pairing product using DLLME technique. Some important parameters, such as reaction conditions and the kind and volume of extraction solvent and disperser solvent were studied and optimized. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5–50 μg/L of azide ion. Also, the enrichment factor and extraction recovery obtained were 24.7 and 98.7%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of azide ion in water and biological samples.