Everyday humans use cars to move faster, and the world is a chaotic place, and a little distraction or a mistake could be the reason for an accident and bring people great pain. An assistance system that can distinguish and detect signs on the roads and brings the driver's attention to road signs and make them aware of their meaning could be beneficial. The most important part of the Traffic Sign Recognition System is the algorithm. In this paper, a new way toward Traffic Sign Recognition algorithm taking the advantages of Color Segmentation, support vector machines, and histograms of oriented gradients on the GTSRB dataset is proposed. The unsupervised shuffled frog-leaping algorithm is employed for segmenting the images. The results show remarkable improvements by using meta-heuristic algorithms.
The Fenton reaction for the degradation of surfactants has been investigated and partial degradation products have been identified and characterized by mass spectrometry for the case of fatty alcohol polyethoxy sulphates. The polar water-soluble products were investigated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI), and the volatile products leaving the mixture during the reaction were trapped by means of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with electron and chemical ionization. The oxidation leads to the formation of products with hydroxyl and epoxide groups due to insertion of oxygen atoms or with terminal ethoxylic moieties deriving from the loss of the hydrophilic sulphate group. The formation of volatile aldehydes is also observed, corresponding to the fragmentation between hydrocarbon and ethoxylic chains. The extent of mineralization is dependent on peroxide and iron(II) concentrations. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
Complexes of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids and their deuterated analogues with pyridine, 4-Me pyridine and N Me imidazole have been examined by IR spectroscopy. Strong hydrogen bonding between an O atom of the acid and the N atom of the base with the H atom lying closer to the O atom, is present in all systems. 相似文献
A fundamental study was made on the reduction of calcium phosphate by carbon. The mechanism of reduction was presented on applying different additions. Both silica and alumina increased the extent of reduction but with variable rates. The activation energies were calculated on the basis of first-order reactions. The phases formed during reduction were investigated by X-ray analysis. 相似文献
Rate constants for the reaction of superoxide O-2 with various substrates were obtained through stationary electrode polarography theory and technique. In solvent acetonitrile, the substrate and the rate constants of the reaction O-2 + AH-k2Product, are, AH = isopropanol (k2 < 0.01 M-1 s-1); ethanol (k2 = 1.42 × 102 M-1 s-1); methanol (k2 = 1.1 × 107 M-1 s-1), H2O (k2 = 1.0 × 105 M-1 s-1). In MeCN, O-2 was found to be rather unreactive towards glucose and acetone but it reacts with fructose and sucrose catalytically. However, in DMF2, O-2reacts with glucose and fructose with k2 order of 105 M-1 s-1. The mechanism of the reaction of O-2 with the substrates (AH) is proposed as O-3 + AH k2O, AHk2k-1 k [O2H + AH]-, k-2O2H + A- with k1 = 109 M-1 s-1 and k-1 = 108 -109 s-1. With these values of k-1 and k1, k k2(obs). The reversible E1/2 for O2 + e O-2 in various solvents: MeCN, acetone, isopropanol, methanol, H2O were obtained either directly from the reversible voltammogram or from experimental voltammograms and the rate constants obtained (as above) using stationary electrode polargraphy theory; E1/2 being -0.82 (MeCN),-0.85 (acetone),-0.72 (isopropanol);-0.66 (MeOH),-0.56 (H2O) vs SCE. 相似文献
Gold nanoparticles have unique and excellent medical and nonmedical properties and application compared with other metallic nanoparticles. Recently, they have been used for the prevention, control, and treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases. In the recent study, fresh and clean leaves of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel leaves have been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Also, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of HAuCl4, A. noeanum, and the synthesized nanoparticles (Au NPs). These nanoparticles were analyzed by FT‐IR, UV, XRD, EDS, FE‐SEM, and TEM tests. FTIR results offered antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to Au NPs. In TEM images revealed an average diameter of 10‐30 nm. At the beginning of biological experiments, DPPH free radical scavenging test was carried out to examine the antioxidant property. Also, in the bacterial part of this study, the concentration of HAuCl4, A. noeanum, and AuNPs with minimum dilution and no turbidity was considered MIC. To determine MBC, 60 μL of MIC and three preceding chambers were cultured on Muller Hinton Agar. The minimum concentration with no bacterial growth was considered MBC. Au NPs revealed excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, non‐toxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. These findings show that the inclusion of A. noeanum extract improves the solubility of Au NPs, which led to a notable enhancement in the antioxidant and antibacterial effects. 相似文献
In this work, an easily obtained procedure was successfully implemented to prepare novel palladium nanoparticles decorated on triethanolammonium chloride ionic liquid‐functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles [TiO2/IL‐Pd]. Different methods were carried out for characterizations of the synthesized nanocatalyst (HR‐TEM, XPS, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDX, FT‐IR and ICP). TiO2/IL‐Pd indicated good catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acid with different aryl halides in aqueous media at ambient temperature. The recycled catalyst was investigated with ICP to amount of Pd leaching after 6 times that had diminished slightly, Thus, was confirmed that the nanocatalyst has a good sustainability for C–C Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The catalyst can be conveniently separated by filtration of the reaction mixture and reused for 6 times without significant loss of its activity. It supplies an environmentally benign alternative path to the existing protocols for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. 相似文献