Mössbauer Study of Ceramic Finds from the Galería de las Ofrendas, Chavín de Huántar

Ceramic finds from the Galería de las Ofrendas at Chavín de Huántar and surface finds from the settlement of Chavín were characterised by combining the results of archaeological typology with archaeometric studies using neutron activation analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thin-section microscopy. Sherds from the pyramid Tello are included in the study as representative of local material. The analyses show that the vessels were made from different raw materials and that different firing procedures were used in their production. Sherds of certain styles largely exhibit similar types of Mössbauer patterns and in many instances also have similar element compositions. This supports the archaeological notion that the vessels were brought to Chavín from the provinces, perhaps on the occasion of a festivity.     

High-speed techniques for estimating t1, t2, and density images

This work presents methods for estimating relaxation times T1 and T2 and proton density using a real time digital video processor. This device performs each mathematical step of the fitting algorithms in one video frame interval (1/30 s). Two-point fits of T1 and T2 may be generated in approximately 15 video frame intervals or about 0.5 s; generation of a T2 image from four acquired images requires about 30 video frame intervals or about 1 s. The hardware is common to many commercial MR scanners and requires no array processor. Such high-speed techniques can expedite the clinical use of computed images and facilitate the implementation of image synthesis.     

Die γ-Bestrahlung von synthetischem β-Carotin

Zusammenfassung Das feste -Carotin ist gegen -Strahlung ziemlich stabil. Bei Bestrahlung unter Sauerstoffbegasung treten deutliche -Carotin-Verluste erst bei der hohen Dosis von 12 Mrad auf; bei Bestrahlung an der Luft werden ähnliche Radiolyseerscheinungen erst durch wesentlich höhere Strahlendosen ausgelöst. Spaltungsprodukte, die bei 12 Mrad und Sauerstoffbegasung auftraten und dünnschichtchromatographisch aufgetrennt werden konnten, waren Isozeaxanthin, -Carotin-5,6-5, 6-diepoxid, -Carotin-5,8-5,8-diepoxid, -Apo-12-carotinal, -Apo-10-carotinal, 3,3,6-Trihydroxy--carotin-5,8-epoxid und Vitamin-A-Alkohol. Es ist bemerkenswert, daß ein Teil der Radiolyseprodukte (z. B. Vitamin-A₁-Alkohol, -Apo-12-carotinal und -Apo-10-carotinal) Vitamin-A-Wirksamkeit besitzt.

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The -Irradiation of synthetic -carotene. Some physico-chemical and thin-layer chromatographic studies of radiolysis products

Solid -carotene is remarkably stable to -irradiation. In an oxygen atmosphere doses as high as 12 Mrad were required to bring about significant losses of -carotene, whereas in air even larger doses had to be applied in order to effect a comparable degree of radiolysis. Cleavage products which arose in O₂ at a dose of 12 Mrad and which could be separated from each other by thin-layer chromatography were isozeaxanthin, -carotene-5,5-5,6-diepoxide, -apo-12-carotenal, -apo-10-carotenal, 3, 3, 6-trihydroxy--carotene-5,8-epoxide and vitamin A₁. It is notable that some of the radiolysis products (e.g., vitamin A₁, -apo-12-carotenal and -apo-10-carotenal) possess vitamin A activity.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.O. Hromatka zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Performance of x-ray imaging systems applied to intravenous angiography

A review is made of the performance of X-ray systems applied to the imaging of dilute amounts of iodine using subtraction methods. Relevant performance criteria are defined and desired performance levels are derived. For a general purpose system these are iodine sensitivity of 1 mg/cm2, cancellation of 10 g/cm2 soft tissue and 2 g/cm2 bone to be equivalent to iodine sensitivity, capability of imaging through 25 cm soft tissue, spatial resolution exceeding 1 lp/mm and acceptable imaging time depending on the application. Conceptual aspects of several subtraction techniques are discussed including temporal, generalized temporal, dual-energy K-edge, dual-energy non-K-edge, three-energy K-edge, and hybrid subtraction. Experimental performance of several representative area and linear detector systems is tabulated according to subtraction algorithm. A table of references is provided.     

STUDIES OF ADHESION OF METAL PARTICLES TO SILICA PARTICLES BASED ON ZETA POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS

The zeta-potentials of silica, copper, platinum and gold particles have been measured as a function of pH. The isoelectric points were found to be at pH 3.0, 5.8, 3.0 and 3.5, respectively. In the pH range 3.0 to 5.8 copper and silica particles are oppositely charged and accordingly the coating of silica with copper particles could be demonstrated. In the case of gold and platinum the sign of the charge is such that direct adhesion to silica particles cannot be expected and this was also demonstrated in the case of platinum.