In this paper, we propose to use Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization to solve the joint mode selection, channel assignment, and power allocation (JMSCPA) problem to maximize system throughput and spectral efficiency. JMSCPA is a problem where the allocation of channel and power depends on the mode selection. Such problems require two step solution and are called bi-level optimization problems. As bi-level optimization increases the complexity and computational time, we propose a modified version of single-level ABC algorithm aided with the adaptive transmission mode selection algorithm to allocate the cellular, reuse, and dedicated modes to the DUs along with channel and power allocation based on the network traffic load scenarios. A single variable, represented by the users (CUs and DUs) is used to allocate mode selection, and channel allocation to solve the JMSCPA problem, leading to a simpler solution with faster convergence, and significant reduction in the computational complexity which scales linearly with the number of users. Further, the proposed solution avoids premature stagnation of conventional ABC into local minima by incorporating a modification in its update procedure. The efficacy of the ABC-aided approach, as compared to the results reported in the literature, is validated by extensive numerical investigations under different simulation scenarios.
Larotrectinib is a first-generation tropomyosin kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of solid tumors. In this paper, we present a validated dried blood spot (DBS) method for the quantitation of larotrectinib from mouse blood using HPLC–MS/MS, which was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode. To the DBS disc cards, acidified methanol enriched with internal standard (IS; enasidenib) was added and extracted using tert-butyl methyl ether as an extraction solvent with sonication. Chromatographic separation of larotrectinib and the IS was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using 10 mm ammonium formate–acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) delivered at a flow-rate of 0.80 ml/min. Under these optimized conditions, the retention times of larotrectinib and the IS were ~0.93 and 1.37 min, respectively. The total run time was 2.50 min. Larotrectinib and the IS were analyzed using positive ion scan mode and parent–daughter mass to charge ion (m/z) transitions of 429.1 → 342.1 and 474.1 → 267.1, respectively, were used for the quantitation. The calibration range was 1.06–5,080 ng/ml. No matrix effect or carryover was observed. Hematocrit did not influence DBS larotrectinib concentrations. All of the validation parameters met the acceptance criteria. The applicability of the validated method was shown in a mouse pharmacokinetic study. 相似文献
This paper addresses the problem of power control in a multihop wireless network supporting multicast traffic. We face the problem of forwarding packet traffic to multicast group members while meeting constraints on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the intended receivers. First, we present a distributed algorithm which, given the set of multicast senders and their corresponding receivers, provides an optimal solution when it exists, which minimizes the total transmit power. When no optimal solution can be found for the given set of multicast senders and receivers, we introduce a distributed, joint scheduling and power control algorithm which eliminates the weak connections and tries to maximize the number of successful multicast transmissions. The algorithm allows the other senders to solve the power control problem and minimize the total transmit power. We show that our distributed algorithm converges to the optimal solution when it exists, and performs close to centralized, heuristic algorithms that have been proposed to address the joint scheduling and power control problem. 相似文献
A new family of annulated inositols (inosito-inositols) has been conceptualized. Naphthalene has been elaborated into novel cyclohexa-annulated neo- and chiro-inositols, with two additional hydroxyl functionalities, through a series of stereoselective oxyfunctionalization protocols. The trans-ring fusion present in these new annulated inositols ensures conformational locking. 相似文献
Contact hypersurfaces of a Kaehler manifold have been
characterized and classified, assuming the second fundamental form to be
Codazzi (in particular, parallel). We have also discussed the special
cases when the ambient space is a (i) Calabi-Yau manifold and (ii) a
complex space-form. 相似文献
The near flow field of small aspect ratio elliptic turbulent free jets (issuing from nozzle and orifice) was experimentally
studied using a 2D PIV Two point velocity correla tions in these jets revealed the extent and orientation of the large scale
structures in th e major and minor planes. The spatial filtering of the instantaneous velocity field using Gaussian convolution
kernel shows that while a single large vortex ring circumscribing the jet seems to be present at the exit of nozzle, the orifice
jet exhibited a number of smaller vortex ring pairs close to jet exit. The smaller length scale observed in the case of the
orifice jet is rep resentative of the smaller azimuthal vor tex rings that generate axial vortex field as they are convected.
This results in the axis-switching in th e case of orifice jet and may have a mechanism differ ent from the self induction
process as observed in the case of contoured nozzle jet flow. 相似文献
Summary A new tri-cavity decaaza macrocycle (TCM) has been synthesised by the condensation of tetra(aminopropyl)-cyclam with diethanolamine. The new macrocyclic ligand forms tri-nuclear complexes, [Cu3(TCM)(H2O)2]-(ClO4)6 and [Ni3(TCM)(H2O)2](ClO4)6. 相似文献
The carrier technique has been used to concentrate Cr(VI) radiometrically by studying the carrying efficiency as a function of pH of aqueous medium, added ions, carrying capacity, amount of carrier and subsequent desorption of the activity adsorbed under optimum experimental conditions. The study shows that under optimum experimental conditions, 0.15 g of ZrO2 and 0.25 g of TiO2 carry 0.01 mg and 0.001 mg of chromium respectively. Further, the activity carried under the specified conditions can be recovered more or less quantitatively by leaching the carrier. 相似文献
Fault-based side channel cryptanalysis is very effective against symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Although straightforward hardware and time redundancy based concurrent error detection (CED) architectures can be used to thwart such attacks, they entail significant overhead (either area or performance). In this paper we investigate two systematic approaches to low-cost, low-latency CED for symmetric encryption algorithm RC6. The proposed techniques have been validated on FPGA implementations of RC6, one of the advanced encryption standard finalists. 相似文献
A number of samples of thermally nitrided SiO2 with varying concentrations of electron traps were studied in an attempt to correlate the radiation-induced oxide charge with the number of electron traps. Also studied were the detrapping characteristics of irradiated devices. Etch-back experiments were performed to locate the centroid of the trapped charge. The results show that electron trapping does play a role in the improved radiation hardness of nitrided SiO2, but is not the sole cause of it 相似文献