Automatic transport plane resource discovery mechanisms for ASON/GMPLS ring networks

In this letter, we propose two novel mechanisms which enable GMPLS LMP to cope with the automatic discovery of all-optical transport planes. The feasibility of our contributions and their performances are assessed by simulations as well as experimental results over the ASON/GMPLS CARISMA field-trial     

Quantitative solid phase microextraction – Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of five megastigmatrienone isomers in aged wine

Megastigmatrienone is a key flavor compound in tobacco. It has also been detected in wine, where it may contribute to a tobacco/incense aroma, but its importance and concentration in wines had never previously been evaluated.     

Test structures for MCM-D technology characterization

In this paper we present a set of classic and novel test structures addressed to fully characterize multichip module (MCM) technologies. The structures have been implemented and fabricated in our D-type, flip-chip, ball grid array, silicon substrate technology. In this technology, a silicon chip is used as a substrate on which other commercial chips are flipped and soldered by a screen-printing method. These complex technologies have specific test problems that are solved with this approach. We have specially focused on the measurement of the effects of wafer rerouting on CMOS parameters, the chip-to-chip ball contact resistance, thermal behavior, yield, and reliability of the technology. Experimental results are shown, proving that this methodology is suitable for our technology and can also be applied to other different MCM technologies     

An Analytical Study of Control Plane Failures Impact on GMPLS Ring Optical Networks

Within the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS), link management protocol (LMP) has been proposed to maintain the connectivity of the out-of-fiber control plane. In this paper, we analytically quantify the impact of control plane link failures on whole network performance. Then, we use the obtained results to suggest the keep-alive interval for LMP, introducing the least overhead to the control network while keeping an acceptable network grade of service (GoS).     

Resource discovery in ASON/GMPLS Transport Networks

Automatic resource discovery plays a significant role in next-generation optical networks, where nodes can maintain a large number of input/output ports (fibers, wavelengths, time slots, etc.). This automation avoids long and tedious manual node configurations and minimizes resource misconfiguration probability, which can result in high cost savings for network operators. The generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) Link Management Protocol (LMP) has been defined to provide such functionalities. However, it requires optical nodes to transmit in-band information, thus requesting link termination on each incoming port. This issue, in transparent optical networks, implies additional hardware, high complexities, or even signal losses. This article proposes and evaluates novel extensions to standard LMP that cope with the discovery of all-optical transport planes. In addition, playing a crucial role in ASON/GMPLS networks, this article also generically covers the automatic discovery of the control plane.