Spatiotemporal traveling and solitary wave solutions to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with single- and dual-power law nonlinearity

Nonlinear Dynamics - We generalize previously obtained solutions to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with cubic-quintic nonlinearity and distributed coefficients to obtain...     

Hydrolysis of the Peptide Bond in N-Acetylated L-Methionylglycine Catalyzed by Various Palladium(II) Complexes: Dependence of the Hydrolytic Reactions on the Nature of the Chelate Ligand in cis-[Pd( L)(H 2O) 2] 21 Complexes

Summary. Hydrolytic reactions between various palladium(II) complexes of the type cis-[Pd(L)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ in which L is ethylenediamine (en), 1,2-propylenediamine (1,2-pn), isobutylenediamine (ibn), 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-dach), N-methylethylenediamine (Meen), N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine (Me₄en), S-methyl L-cysteine (MeS-L-HCys), L-methionine (L-HMet), and 2,5-dithiahexane (dth) and dipeptide N-acetylated L-methionylglycine (MeCOMet-Gly) were studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The reactions were carried out in the pH range 2.0–2.5 and at 50°C. In all these reactions, palladium(II) complex bound to a methionine residue effects the regioselective cleavage of the amide bond involving the carboxylic group of methionine. We found that the rate of hydrolysis and mechanism of this reaction are strongly dependent from the nature of the chelate ligand L in palladium(II) complexes of the type cis-[Pd(L)(H₂O)₂]²⁺.     

Determination of chloride by stripping chronopotentiometry with silver-film electrode

The experimental parameters of cathodic stripping chronopotentiometry of chloride at a silver-film electrode are investigated and optimized. The chloride preconcentration is achieved in the form of silver chloride by a controlled potential oxidation of the working electrode under vigorous stirring. Cathodic stripping of the deposit is obtained by the constant current, under the condition of diffusive mass transfer. Deaeration of the solution is not necessary. A detection limit of 35 μ dm⁻³ (10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³) is obtained at a deposition time of 180 s, with a reproducibility of 6.7 % (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD).     

Asymmetric synthesis of [7]helicene-like molecules

[reaction: see text] A new approach to nonracemic [7]helicene-like molecules has been developed. Stereoselective Co(I)-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization of aromatic triynes containing an asymmetric carbon atom produces [7]helicene-like scaffolds in diastereomeric ratios up to 100:0. This central-to-helical chirality transfer can be controlled by the absolute configuration at the asymmetric center and by the presence of carbon substituents.     

Detailed characterization of (3 x 3) iodine adlayer on Pt(111) by unequal-sphere packing model

A simple unequal-sphere packing model is applied to study the iodine (3x3) adlayer on the Pt(111) surface. By using a newly introduced parameter, defined as the average adsorbate height, three characteristic adlattices, (3x3)-sym, (3x3)-asym, and (3x3)-lin, have been selected and characterized in great detail, including the exact adatom registry. The (3x3)-sym iodine adlattice, observed in many experimental studies, appears to be, on average, the closest one to the substrate surface. A special contour plot of average adsorbate height vs X and Y positions of the (3x3) iodine unit cell indicates the existence of two local minima, which are related to preferential formation of (3x3)-sym and (3x3)-asym iodine adlattices. Our model gives good agreement with experimental findings, and explains the mechanism of preferential appearance of (3x3)-sym and (3x3)-asym structures.     

Organopolysiloxanes as Chemically Sensitive Coatings for Optical Fibers

Various types of UV-curable organically modified siloxanes have been synthesized by the sol-gel method with the aim of fabricating chemically sensitive coatings for silica optical fibers. The refractive index of the coating material can be tailored in the range from 1.46 to 1.56 and sensitivity towards CO2 is achieved by incorporation of amino groups. The interaction of the cured layers with CO2 or with hydrocarbons has been studied in immersion experiments. Both the reaction of CO2 with incorporated amino groups and the penetration of hydrocarbons into the layer induce changes of the light absorption coefficient and the refractive index of the coating which are detected by measuring the output light intensity from the fiber.     

Flow-injection analysis with a small cylindrical wire type electrode

An amperometric detector with a small thin mercury film electrode is described. The device demonstrates advantageous operational characteristics such as small dispersion (D<2) and “memory effect” (me<0.6%), extensive maximum sample frequency (msf −200 samples/h), and high sensitivity. It has been proven useful in flow-injection analysis at a constant potential under hydrodynamic conditions.     

Enhanced post-source decay and cross-ring fragmentation of oligosaccharides facilitated by conversion to amino derivatives

Post-source decay (PSD) fragmentation of chemically or enzymatically produced aminoglycans has been evaluated through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Conversion of native glycans to their respective aminoglycan derivatives improved detection sensitivity of the usual fragments and promoted cross-ring fragmentation of linear oligosaccharides, facilitating linkage recognition. The cross-ring fragmentations for both dextrin and dextran oligosaccharides were not limited to the reducing-end glucose moiety, as they were extended throughout the entire molecule. When the amino group was generated for N-glycans derived from three different glycoproteins, an enhancement of PSD was observed, without a significant extent of cross-ring fragmentation.     

Dynamic mechanism of photochemical induction of turing superlattices in the chlorine dioxide-iodine-malonic acid reaction-diffusion system

We study the mechanism of development of superlattice Turing structures from photochemically generated hexagonal patterns of spots with wavelengths several times larger than the characteristic wavelength of the Turing patterns that spontaneously develop in the nonilluminated system. Comparison of the experiment with numerical simulations shows that interaction of the photochemical periodic forcing with the Turing instability results in generation of multiple resonant triplets of wave vectors, which are harmonics of the external forcing. Some of these harmonics are situated within the Turing instability band and are therefore able to maintain their amplitude as the system evolves and after illumination ceases, while photochemically generated harmonics outside the Turing band tend to decay.     

Analytical characterization of a facile porous polymer monolithic trypsin microreactor enabling peptide mass mapping using mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid single-step method is presented to fabricate an enzyme reactor using trypsin immobilized on a macroporous polymer monolith. A reactor produced in a capillary format is ready to use within 1 h of preparation. The monomers making up the monolith, including N-acryloxysuccinimide for covalent immobilization of the enzyme, are mixed with trypsin and introduced into the column by capillary force for polymerization/immobilization. The enzyme activity from column-to-column is reproducible below 5% relative standard deviation (RSD), while the reactor is durable for at least 20 weeks when stored at room temperature. The apparent kinetic constants V(max) and K(m) are of value similar to those obtained by free trypsin in solution. Enzymatic digestion of proteins was shown to be feasible on a time-scale of seconds and submicromolar concentrations enabling peptide mass mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.