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1.
V. P. Afanas’ev A. V. Lubenchenko S. D. Fedorovich A. B. Pavolotskii 《Technical Physics》2002,47(11):1444-1452
The energy spectra of electrons reflected from multilayer targets are studied theoretically and experimentally. A self-consistent theory of electron reflection from multilayer surfaces is constructed. Simple analytical models of electron reflection that illustrate the feasibility of the depth profiling of multilayer targets are presented. The energy spectra of electrons normally incident on Nb/Si and Nb/Al/Nb/Si targets and reflected from them at an angle of 45° to the normal are taken. A method for the depth profiling of such structures is elaborated. 相似文献
2.
V. P. Afanasyev D. S. Efremenko A. V. Lubenchenko Maarten Vos Michael R. Went 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2010,74(2):170-174
REELS spectra of the electrons reflected off niobium are measured with energy resolution <0.5 eV within the 5–40 eV energy
range of the probing beam. The measurements were performed for the scattering angles θ = 45° and θ = 120° by means of two
electron guns. The process of energy losses is described within the framework of a model with three different energy loss
laws: surface, intermediate, and bulk layers are considered. Differential cross-sections of inelastic scattering are represented
in the form of simple equations. 相似文献
3.
V.P. Afanas’ev M.V. Afanas’ev A.V. Lubenchenko A.A. Batrakov D.S. Efremenko M. Vos 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2010
The influence of multiple elastic scattering on the shape of the energy distribution of elastically scattered electrons is investigated. The energy of the maximum intensity of the detected electrons differs from the probe electron beam energy due to the elastic energy loss. The experimentally observed spectrum is adequately described by a Gaussian distribution with a maximum at the elastic energy loss value. In this paper the peak-broadening mechanisms due to energy-analyzer spread function, probe beam energy distribution and atomic vibration-induced broadening are considered to be independent and of random nature. Analysis of multiple elastic scattering shows some mechanisms leading to the broadening and a shift of the elastic scattering electron energy spectrum from the value defined by single elastic scattering at the certain angle. It is revealed that the magnitude of this shift and the width of energy distribution is determined by ratio (lin/ltr), where lin is inelastic mean free pass, ltr is the transport length. 相似文献
4.
V. P. Afanas’ev A. V. Lubenchenko A. B. Pavolotskii 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2008,2(5):790-795
The interface between a Nb layer deposited on an Al layer is studied via comparison of measured and calculated reflected electron energy loss spectra. The interface region analysis is performed after layer-by-layer sputtering of the sample combined with Auger monitoring of its component composition. The elaborated spectrum calculation technique makes it possible to characterize Al and Nb distributions in the interface region with a nanometer resolution. The possibility of determining the number of phases at the Al/Nb interface is discussed. 相似文献
5.
V. P. Afanas’ev M. V. Afanas’ev A. A. Lisov A. V. Lubenchenko 《Technical Physics》2009,54(11):1667-1674
The quantitative composition of hydrogen and helium isotopes in the surface layers of structural materials is reconstructed
using the developed technique for processing the energy spectra of electrons scattered from plane-parallel layers of solids
into a preset solid angle element. These are the spectra measured with a high energy resolution ΔE ∷ 0.2−0.4 eV. The change in the shape of peaks for elastically scattered electrons is analyzed depending on the probe electron
beam energy and experimental geometry. The theory of electrons scattered from plane-parallel layers of solids is constructed
using the solution of the boundary value problem for the transfer equation by invariant immersion methods. The analytic solution
to the system of equations is found in the small-angle approximation for the reflection and transmission functions. The results
of calculations are compared with experimental data on electron scattering from polyethylene. The shape of the energy spectra
of electron scattering from deuterium and tritium is predicted. The sensitivity threshold of the method relative to percentage
concentration of hydrogen isotopes in hydrocarbons is analyzed. 相似文献
6.
V. P. Afanas’ev A. N. Ermilov I. A. Kostanovsky P. M. Tyuryukanov A. V. Lubenchenko D. A. Ivanov V. E. Nefedova 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2014,8(2):269-273
The results of the nondestructive layer-by-layer analysis of hydrocarbon coatings, which is carried out by means of the electron spectroscopy method, are presented. The coating is prepared using the ion-plasma-deposition technique. Analysis of the elemental composition is performed with the help of X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies. The hydrogen concentration is determined via elastic peak electron spectroscopy. The coating structure is investigated by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy. 相似文献
7.
V. P. Afanas'ev S. D. Fedorovich A. V. Lubenchenko A. A. Ryjov M. S. Esimov 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1994,96(2):253-259
We present here the results of experiments measuring the energy spectra of electrons backscattered from massive homogeneous Al, Cu, Pd and W targets, with the probing beam primary energyE
0 varying from 4–32 keV. We have developed the electron backscattering theory based on solving the Boltzmann equation boundary problem by the invariant imbedding method and calculation of inelastic energy loss with the modified Landau function. Comparison of the calculated with experimental data shows that this expanded theory adequately describes the electron reflection processes. 相似文献
8.
V. P. Afanas’ev M. V. Afanas’ev A. A. Batrakov W. Bohmeyer D. Naujoks A. V. Lubenchenko A. Markin 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2011,5(1):70-74
Methods for measuring the layer-by-layer profiles of hydrogen in structural materials based on interpretation of the energy
spectra of electrons reflected within a given spatial angle are discussed. Elastically reflected spectroscopy makes it possible
to determine the hydrogen isotope content, but its implementation requires an energy resolution on the order of 1 eV. In the
experimental implementation of the method based on analysis of the domelike part of the spectrum of reflected electrons, the
required energy resolution of an analyzer is about 1%. Such a level of resolution makes it possible to measure the spectrum
for several seconds. The possibilities of this method are illustrated with the use of hydrocarbon coatings. 相似文献
9.
V. P. Afanas’ev V. P. Budak D. S. Efremenko A. V. Lubenchenko 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2010,4(3):488-493
The angular distributions of elastically reflected electrons are described on the basis of the transfer equation for a radiation
particle. The exact solution of the problem is obtained. This solution is compared with experimental spectra of elastically
reflected electrons and with the approximate solutions. 相似文献
10.