人脸识别研究进展

人脸识别技术在各种应用的推动下发展很快。而近几年中，为避免各种实际应用环境的限制，非约束环境下的人脸识别也得到了很大的发展。本文概述了人脸识别的一些主要方法，讨论了影响人脸识别的几个主要因素及其处理方法以及基于视频的人脸识别技术，最后指出了鲁棒的人脸识别技术的研究方向和发展前景。     

Macrocycle Dynamics in a Branched [8]Catenane Controlled by Three Different Stimuli in Three Different Regions

A branched [8]catenane from an efficient one-pot synthesis (72 % HPLC yield, 59 % isolated yield) featuring the simultaneous use of three kinds of templates and cucurbit[6]uril-mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CBAAC) for ring-closing is reported. Design and assembly of the [8]catenane precursors are unexpectedly complex that can involve cooperating, competing and non-influencing interactions. Due to the branched structure, dynamics of the [8]catenane can be modulated in different extent by rigidifying/loosening the mechanical bonds at different regions by using solvent polarity, acid-base and metal ions as the stimuli. This work not only highlights the importance of understanding the delicate interplay of the weak and non-obvious supramolecular interactions in the synthesis of high-order [n]catenane, but also demonstrates a complex control of dynamics and flexibility for exploiting [n]catenanes applications.     

Restriction of Intramolecular Motion(RIM): Investigating AIE Mechanism from Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Mechanistic studies promote scientific development from phenomena to theories.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE),as an unusual photophysical phenomenon,builds the bridge between molecular science and aggregate mesoscience.With the twenty-year development of AIE,restriction of intramolecular motion(RIM)has been verified as the working mechanism of AIE effect.In this review,these mechanistic works about RIM are summarized from experimental and theoretical perspectives.Thereinto,the experimental studies are introduced from three parts:external rigidification,structural modification and structural characterization.In the theoretical part,calculations on the low-frequency motion of AIEgens have been performed to prove the RIM mechanism.By virtue of the theoretical calculations,some new mechanisms are proposed to supplement the RIM,such as restriction of access to conical intersection,suppression of Kasha transition,restriction of access to dark state,etc.It is foreseeable that the RIM mechanism will unify the photophysical theories for both molecules and aggregates,and inspire more progress in aggregate science.     

一种基于分形码和模型约束的图像放大算法

图像放大技术在众多研究领域中有着重要的应用.本文提出一种基于分形码和模型约束的图像放大算法,分形码能够包含图像的空间信息和图像本身的自相似信息,模型约束能够有效的限制放大引入的误差.我们首先对图像采用多种值域块分割方案计算得到多组分形码,并由此得到多个放大图像,然后对放大图像进行平均,从而降低编码误差,最后采用约束模型对放大图像进行修正.实验结果表明,利用本文的方法可以大大提高放大图像的PSNR.     

面向头肩序列图像的质量可精细扩展视频编码方法

FGS编码方法具有细粒度的可扩展能力,能很好地适应网络带宽的动态变化,被认为是一种适合于网络视频传输的编码方案.但现有的MPEG-4 FGS编码标准效率低,限制了其进一步的推广应用.因此,本文面向视频应用中常见的头肩序列图像,实现了一种质量可精细扩展的视频编码方法.该方法采用H.26L对基本层进行编码,采用基于DCT变换的SPIHT方法对原始图像与基本层重建图像之间的残差进行编码得到增强层的码流.然后将复杂背景下的人脸检测与跟踪技术与选择性增强技术结合起来,对人脸区域优先编码.实验结果表明,该方法不仅编码效率高于现有的MPEG-4 FGS标准,码流具有可精细扩展的特性,还可以选择性地提高人脸区域重建图像的主观感受水平.     

Evolution（进化）

进化（Evolution），这个词汇最能联想到达尔文有关自然界生物为了回应环境压力、自然选择和基因突变而逐渐（经过好几百万年）产生由低级到高级的发展变化过程。回顾单枪影院投影机的发展，数码工业化生产将这一进程微缩到不到10年的演变过程，从480p到720p再到1080p Full HD大约不到5年时间，而实际上早在2003年6月JVCD—ILA3840×2048像素数码投影机已开启4K时代。2004年6月SONY SXRD—R110已完成Digital Cinema 4096×2160的4Kp技术发展。     

The Properties of Surface Polaron in the Semi-Infinite Polar Crystal

The effective Hamiltonian and the renormalized mass of surface polaron, where the electron is strongly coupled with the surface optical (SO) phonons but weakly or intermediately coupled with the bulk longit udinal-optical (LO) phonons, were first reviewed. The self-energy and the renormalized mass of the polaron for the polar crystals of potassium iodide, silver chloride and silver bromide are evaluated as a function of the depth Gom the crystal surface. Results of our calculation indicate that the effect of the electron-SO phonon interaction is dominant only within a very small layer from the crystal surface. Its justification awaits further experimental results.     

一般寿命分布和定时截尾的Bayes变量抽样方案

林（1994）研究了指数分布和定时截尾的变量抽样方案．本文将讨论一般寿命分布和定时截尾的一次抽样方案．在多项式损失函数的假设下,我们讨论了Weibull分布、双参数指数分布和-分布三种情形,并着重讨论Weibull分布的情形．本文还提出了一个可用于近似地确定最优抽样方案的有报算法,并且进行了灵敏度分析,还同林较早的模型（1990,1994）做了比较．     

阳离子表面活性剂Aliquat 336对水中双酚A的浊点萃取及作用机制

研究了阳离子表面活性剂Aliquat 336(三辛基甲基氯化铵)浊点萃取水中双酚A(BPA)后以高效液相色谱测定的方法.探讨了Aliquat 336与Na_2SO_4/NaCl用量、pH值、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响,经条件实验选定各因素水平如下:0.8 g/L Aliquat 336,4.0 g/L Na_2SO_4,超声萃取15 min,pH和对萃取影响不大,故不予调节.结果表明: 在此选定条件下,本方法富集效率高(BPA在胶束相-水相分配系数达10~4),萃取效率稳定(相对标准偏差均小于10%),其对BPA在不同水质、不同加标浓度下的回收率均大于90%,去离子水中检出限为0.34 μg/L.本方法操作简单、方便、成本低,易于推广.同时以胶束粒径与Zeta电位分析等确证盐含量对阳离子表面活性剂胶束形成的决定性作用,并结合影响因子分析,推测Aliquat 336浊点萃取过程中BPA可能存在静电作用、阳离子-π键等疏水分配以外的作用机制.     

高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振技术（HR/MAS）在固相合成中的应用

使用微量探头分析了不同树脂、溶剂、温度对¹H NMR线宽的影响，并运用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振技术跟踪固相载体上羟基氨基酸的糖基化反应. 该研究表明使用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振探头可以快速、直接鉴定树脂上的产物，是固相合成中重要的分析工具.