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Using molecular simulations, we show that the aperiodic growth of quasicrystals is controlled by the ability of the growing quasicrystal nucleus to incorporate kinetically trapped atoms into the solid phase with minimal rearrangement. In the system under investigation, which forms a dodecagonal quasicrystal, we show that this process occurs through the assimilation of stable icosahedral clusters by the growing quasicrystal. Our results demonstrate how local atomic interactions give rise to the long-range aperiodicity of quasicrystals. 相似文献
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P. Keys 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1989,40(9):753-759
There has been a growing acceptance of the view that OR can be more appropriately understood as a technology rather than as a science. This view has, however, not been fully developed. This paper seeks to extend this area of investigation by addressing three issues: first, to consider why it is inappropriate to see OR as a science; second, if OR is to be seen as a technology, to ask what model of a technology, the classical or the modern, should be adopted; finally, to explore what implications for understanding OR are held by the most appropriate model of OR as technology. This paper shows that valuable insights might be gained for understanding and guiding the development of OR by seeing it as a technology. 相似文献
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This paper sets out to consider O.R. as a problem-solving methodology in relation to other systems-based problem-solving methodologies. A ‘system of systems methodologies’ is developed as the interrelationship between different methodologies is examined along with their relative efficacy in solving problems in various real-world problem contexts. In a final section the conclusions and benefits which stem from the analysis are presented. The analysis points to the need for a co-ordinated research programme designed to deepen understanding of different problem contexts and the type of problem-solving methodology appropriate to each. 相似文献
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P Keys 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1998,49(2):99-108
In this paper the issue of how OR is related to science and technology is revisited. An earlier argument that a modern view of science and technology offers a better explanation of this relationship than a traditional view is strengthened and developed. Using concepts drawn from the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) a new perspective on OR practice is introduced and shown to offer different insights into the work of OR practitioners and the way OR may be understood in relation to science and technology. 相似文献