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A PAC-Bayesian margin bound for linear classifiers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Herbrich R. Graepel T. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2002,48(12):3140-3150
We present a bound on the generalization error of linear classifiers in terms of a refined margin quantity on the training sample. The result is obtained in a probably approximately correct (PAC)-Bayesian framework and is based on geometrical arguments in the space of linear classifiers. The new bound constitutes an exponential improvement of the so far tightest margin bound, which was developed in the luckiness framework, and scales logarithmically in the inverse margin. Even in the case of less training examples than input dimensions sufficiently large margins lead to nontrivial bound values and-for maximum margins-to a vanishing complexity term. In contrast to previous results, however, the new bound does depend on the dimensionality of feature space. The analysis shows that the classical margin is too coarse a measure for the essential quantity that controls the generalization error: the fraction of hypothesis space consistent with the training sample. The practical relevance of the result lies in the fact that the well-known support vector machine is optimal with respect to the new bound only if the feature vectors in the training sample are all of the same length. As a consequence, we recommend to use support vector machines (SVMs) on normalized feature vectors only. Numerical simulations support this recommendation and demonstrate that the new error bound can be used for the purpose of model selection. 相似文献
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Preparation and Structure of Li[(Me2NCH2CH2CH2)4Yb] YbCl3 reacts with dimethylaminopropyl lithium in tetrahydrofuran with formation of Li[(Me2NCH2CH2CH2)4Yb]. The X-ray structure determination proves the formation of chelat rings by two of the ligands. The nitrogens of the other two ligands are coordinated to the lithium. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the unit cell parameters a = 27.854(8) Å, b = 9.183(3) Å, c = 20.125(8) Å, β = 96.40° and Z = 8. 相似文献
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E. Wendehorst E. Knoche S. S. Nametkin E. A. Robinson M. J. Herbrich G. Egloff J. C. Morrell P. Truesdell O. C. Bridgeman J. C. Molitor T. H. Rogers V. Voorhees H. O. Ervin E. R. Gillis C. C. Minter und A. Dongescu 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1935,102(7-8):308-312
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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R. Thiele und D. Herbrich 《Colloid and polymer science》1980,258(8):993
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Preparation and Properties of 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propyl Thallium Compounds TlCl3 reacts with Me2NCH2CH2CH2Li in molar ratio 1:2 with formation of (Me2NCH2CH2CH2)2TlCl ( 1 ) which can be transfered with MeLi into (Me2NCH2CH2CH2)2TlMe ( 2 ) and with excess of Me2NCH2CH2CH2Li into (Me2NCH2CH2CH2)3Tl ( 3 ) respectively. Comproportionation of 1 with TlCl3 yields rather instable Me2NCH2CH2CH2TlCl2 ( 4 ) from which Me2NCH2CH2CH2TlMe2 ( 5 ) can be obtained by alkylation with MeLi. 1–3 and 5 were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra. 相似文献
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The analysis of autofluorescence, often regarded as undesired noise during the imaging of biological samples, allows label
free, unbiased detection of NAD(P)H and melanin in native samples. Because both the emission and absorption spectra of these
fluorophores overlap and they can hence not be differentiated using emission filters or with different excitation wavelengths,
fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to differentiate between them. In the present paper the application
of two-photon excitation microscopy is presented to investigate the autofluorescence of fungal spores. The model organism
which was examined is Aspergillus ochraceus. Furthermore a strategy is developed which allows to quantitatively analyze the fluorescence lifetimes of melanin, free NAD(P)H
and protein-bound NAD(P)H using forward convolution of a multiexponential decay function with the instrument response function
(IRF) and subsequent fitting to the experimental fluorescence data. As a consequence proteins, which are able to bind NAD(P)H,
are located with sub-cellular resolution. Furthermore a spatial differentiation of the fluorophores NAD(P)H and melanin inside
the spores, is revealed. 相似文献
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The 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)prop-1-enyl Group as a Chelate Ligand in Indium Organyls InBr3 reacts with Me2NCH2CH?CHMgCl (molar ratio 1 : 2) to form (Me2NCH2CH?CH)2InBr ( 1 ) as the first indium alkenyl compound with amino-functionalized alkenyl groups. The X-ray structure determination shows the formation of a chelate complex. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd with the unit cell parameters a = 14.904(2) Å, b = 17.140(1) Å and c = 21.035(2) Å. By reaction of Me2InBr with Me2NCH2CH?CHMgCl (molar ratio 1 : 1) (Me2NCH2CH?CH)InMe2 ( 2 ) is formed as a colorless, at room temperature liquid, monomeric compound. The n.m.r. and mass spectra are discussed. 相似文献
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