Purification of low-abundance lysozyme in egg white via free-flow electrophoresis with gel-filtration chromatography

As an effective separation tool, free-flow electrophoresis has not been used for purification of low-abundance protein in complex sample matrix. Herein, lysozyme in complex egg white matrix was chosen as the model protein for demonstrating the purification of low-content peptide via an FFE coupled with gel fitration chromatography (GFC). The crude lysozyme in egg while was first separated via free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE). After that, the fractions with lysozyme activity were condensed via lyophilization. Thereafter, the condensed fractions were further purified via a GFC of Sephadex G50. In all of the experiments, a special poly(acrylamide- co-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) gel electrophoresis and a mass spectrometry were used for identification of lysozyme. The conditions of FFZE were optimized as follows: 130 μL/min sample flow rate, 4.9 mL/min background buffer of 20 mM pH 5.5 Tris-Acetic acid, 350 V, and 14 °C as well as 2 mg/mL protein content of crude sample. It was found that the purified lysozyme had the purity of 80% and high activity as compared with its crude sample with only 1.4% content and undetectable activity. The recoveries in the first and second separative steps were 65% and 82%, respectively, and the total recovery was about 53.3%. The reasons of low recovery might be induced by diffusion of lysozyme out off P(AM-co-AA) gel and co-removing of high-abundance egg ovalbumin. All these results indicated FFE could be used as alternative tool for purification of target solute with low abundance.     

Amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid)/Wells–Dawson-type phosphovanadomolybdate ionic composites as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the direct hydroxylation of benzene with H2O2

Three novel amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)/Wells–Dawson-type phosphovanadomolybdate (V-POM) ionic composites with tunable oxidative catalytic activity and unique nanostructure were synthesized using carboxylic acid-functionalized PIL and H₇[P₂Mo₁₇VO₆₂], H₈[P₂Mo₁₆V₂O₆₂] and H₉[P₂Mo₁₅V₃O₆₂] as synthetic units via self-assembly in water. The results of characterization indicated that V-POM anions were finely dispersed in the PIL cation framework, and their structures were well preserved. The three composites are amorphous V-POM salts of PIL cation with a considerable thermal stability, and an open three-dimensional network structure with hierarchical porosity. The as-synthesized composites were found to be efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with H₂O₂ in the liquid phase. Under optimum conditions, a phenol yield of 37.3% was achieved with selectivity of 100%. The high catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect between V-POM anion and carboxylic acid-functionalized PIL cation framework, and good benzene adsorption and phenol desorption ability of amphiphilic micropores in the structure of the composites. Additionally, these composites exhibited high stability under the reaction conditions and could be easily recovered and reused at least six times without noticeably loss of activity.     

Design of aluminum trihydroxide and P‐N core‐shell structures and their synergistic effects on halogen‐free flame‐retardant polyethylene composites

In order to improve the performance of inorganic/organic composites, aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) core composites with a styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH‐g‐SEBS) shell phase, and P‐N flame retardant as a synergistic agent, were prepared through an interface design. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) content on the interfacial interaction, flame retardancy, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ATH composites were investigated by small angle X‐ray diffraction, rotational rheometer, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing. The ATH synergistic effects of P‐N flame‐retardant improved the combustion performance of HDPE/ATH/PEG(3%)/MAH‐g‐SEBS/P‐N (abbreviated as HDPE/MH3/M‐g‐S/P‐N) composite by forming more carbon layer, increased the elongation at break from 21% to 558% compared to HDPE/ATH, and increased the interface thickness from 0.447 to 0.891 nm. SEM results support the compatibility of ATH with HDPE increased and the interfacial effect was enhanced. TGA showed the maximum decomposition temperature of the two stages and the yield of the residue at high temperature increased first and then decreased with the increase of PEG content. Rheological behavior showed the storage modulus, complex viscosity, and the relaxation time initially increased and then decreased with the increase of PEG content indicating PEG, M‐g‐S, and ATH powder gradually formed a partial coating, then a full coating, and finally an over‐coated core‐shell structured model.     

GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL TRACE VARIATIONAL IDENTITY AND A NEW FRACTIONAL INTEGRABLE COUPLINGS OF SOLITON HIERARCHY

Based on fractional isospectral problems and general bilinear forms, the gener-alized fractional trace identity is presented. Then, a new explicit Lie algebra is introduced for which the new fractional integrable couplings of a fractional soliton hierarchy are derived from a fractional zero-curvature equation. Finally, we obtain the fractional Hamiltonian structures of the fractional integrable couplings of the soliton hierarchy.     

滑动窗快速横向滤波的自适应判决反馈均衡器算法

本文提出了一种基于滑动窗广义多路快速横向滤波（ＳＷＦＴＦ）的自适应判决反馈均衡器（ＤＦＦ）算法，它具有快速跟踪性能，故可用于快速时变多径衰落的信道。文中推导了ＳＷＦＴＦ－ＤＦＥ算法。在数字移动通信信道模型上，利用计算机模拟，在均方误差和误码率特性方面与其它均衡器算法进行了比较。     

X频段高频谱纯度频率合成器设计

针对高灵敏度接收机对频率合成器的高技术指标要求,构建了一种融合了直接模拟、直接数字以及间接数字的频率合成技术方案,根据该方案,成功实现了频率合成器的工程研制。通过测试,频率合成器相位噪声达-112 dBc/Hz@5 kHz,杂散抑制优于-75 dBc,频率分辨率小于1 kHz,10 MHz跳频时间约为13 μs,满足了高灵敏度接收机对频率合成器的高技术指标要求,为高纯度频率合成器的实现提供了一条新途径。     

太赫兹电磁波大气吸收衰减逐线积分计算

大气对太赫兹辐射传输存在一定的非协作性,即存在吸收衰减。为了实现太赫兹辐射的有效应用必须细致地了解太赫兹辐射大气传输的窗口位置、宽度及大气透过率。选取了处理大气非均匀路径、吸收带重叠等大气辐射传输问题的最精确方法逐线积分法,发展计算程序,并基于HITRAN分子谱线数据,对水汽、氧气、臭氧、氮气、二氧化碳等单组分气体分子对太赫兹辐射传输的吸收衰减情况进行了计算与分析,并给出了在太赫兹电磁波大气传输衰减中占主要因素的水汽和氧气的衰减峰位置。     

太赫兹脉冲大气传输衰减特性

太赫兹大气传输是太赫兹科学技术及其应用的重要组成部分,渗透于所有的太赫兹应用技术领域。研究基于辐射传输、色散理论和Van-Vleck Weisskopf线型,结合喷气推进实验室(JPL)数据库,建立了太赫兹脉冲大气传输衰减与色散模型,对0.1 THz~1 THz频段太赫兹辐射在水汽中的吸收衰减特性进行了数值模拟研究,与现有的文献数据进行了比对。通过计算太赫兹脉冲大气传输,分析不同水汽密度和传输距离对波形幅值、相位及频谱特性的影响,得到了3个比较稳定的太赫兹脉冲大气传输窗口0.14 THz~0.17 THz、0.19 THz~0.32 THz和0.32 THz~0.37 THz,为太赫兹通信和时域太赫兹空间传输提供了理论参考。     

Efficient Heck cross-coupling of 3-iodo-benzopyrones with olefins under microwave irradiation without phosphine

An efficient and effective microwave-assisted Heck cross-coupling of different terminal olefins with various 3-iodo-benzopyrones including sterically hindered, electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-deficient is developed. It proceeded faster and generally gave good to excellent yields under microwave irradiation, phosphine-free, and air condition. The reaction could render this method particularly attractive for the efficient preparation of biologically and medicinally interesting molecules.