全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3723篇 |
免费 | 142篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2165篇 |
晶体学 | 30篇 |
力学 | 103篇 |
数学 | 336篇 |
物理学 | 766篇 |
无线电 | 476篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 70篇 |
2015年 | 89篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 133篇 |
2012年 | 206篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 127篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 191篇 |
2007年 | 181篇 |
2006年 | 181篇 |
2005年 | 181篇 |
2004年 | 132篇 |
2003年 | 122篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 79篇 |
2000年 | 73篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 41篇 |
1993年 | 56篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 52篇 |
1984年 | 48篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 36篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 38篇 |
1978年 | 41篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 37篇 |
1974年 | 34篇 |
1973年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有3876条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Lithium Insertion Mechanism in Iron-Based Oxyfluorides with Anionic Vacancies Probed by PDF Analysis
Dr. Damien Dambournet Dr. Karena W Chapman Dr. Mathieu Duttine Dr. Olaf Borkiewicz Dr. Peter J Chupas Dr. Henri Groult 《ChemistryOpen》2015,4(4):443-447
The mechanism of lithium insertion that occurs in an iron oxyfluoride sample with a hexagonal–tungsten–bronze (HTB)-type structure was investigated by the pair distribution function. This study reveals that upon lithiation, the HTB framework collapses to yield disordered rutile and rock salt phases followed by a conversion reaction of the fluoride phase toward lithium fluoride and nanometer-sized metallic iron. The occurrence of anionic vacancies in the pristine framework was shown to strongly impact the electrochemical activity, that is, the reversible capacity scales with the content of anionic vacancies. Similar to FeOF-type electrodes, upon de-lithiation, a disordered rutile phase forms, showing that the anionic chemistry dictates the atomic arrangement of the re-oxidized phase. Finally, it was shown that the nanoscaling and structural rearrangement induced by the conversion reaction allow the in situ formation of new electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties. 相似文献
2.
M. J. O’Sullivan C. G. Walker M. L. O’Sullivan T. D. Thompson A. B. Philpott 《Telecommunication Systems》2006,33(4):353-376
The problem of designing fibre-optic networks for local-access telecommunications generates (at least) three non-trivial subproblems.
In the first of these subproblems one must determine how many fibre-optic cables (fibres) are required at either end of a
street. In the next subproblem a minimum-cost network must be designed to support the fibres. The network must also provide
distinct paths from either end of the street to the central exchange(s). Finally, the fibre-optic cables must be placed in
protective covers. These covers are available in a number of different sizes, allowing some flexibility when covering each
section of the network. In this paper we describe a dynamic programming (DP) formulation for finding a minimum-cost (protective)
covering for the network (the third of the subproblems). This problem is a generalised set covering problem with side constraints
and is further complicated by the introduction of fixed and variable welding costs. The DP formulation selects covers along
each arc (in the network), but cannot exactly model the fixed costs and so does not guarantee optimality. We also describe
an integer programming (IP) formulation for assessing the quality of the DP solutions. The cost of the networks constructed
by the IP model is less than those designed using the DP model, but the saving is not significant for the problems examined
(less than 0.1%). This indicates that the DP model will generally give very good solutions. Furthermore, as the problem dimensions
grow, DP gives significantly better solution times than IP. 相似文献
3.
B. Ma P.I. Djurovich S. Garon B. Alleyne M.E. Thompson 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(18):2438-2446
Efficient blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting organic diodes are fabricated using binuclear platinum complexes as phosphorescent dopants. The series of complexes used here have pyrazolate bridging ligands and the general formula C∧NPt(μ‐pz)2PtC∧N (where C∧N = 2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2′, pz = pyrazole ( 1 ), 3‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylpyrazole ( 2 ), and 3,5‐bis(tert‐butyl)pyrazole ( 3 )). The Pt–Pt distance in the complexes, which decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3 , solely determines the electroluminescence color of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Blue OLEDs fabricated using 8 % 1 doped into a 3,5‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host have a quantum efficiency of 4.3 % at 120 Cd m–2, a brightness of 3900 Cd m–2 at 12 V, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.11, 0.24). Green and red OLEDs fabricated with 2 and 3 , respectively, also give high quantum efficiencies (~ 6.7 %), with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.63) and (0.59, 0.46), respectively. The current‐density–voltage characteristics of devices made using dopants 2 and 3 indicate that hole trapping is enhanced by short Pt–Pt distances (< 3.1 Å). Blue electrophosphorescence is achieved by taking advantage of the binuclear molecular geometry in order to suppress dopant intermolecular interactions. No evidence of low‐energy emission from aggregate states is observed in OLEDs made with 50 % 1 doped into mCP. OLEDs made using 100 % 1 as an emissive layer display red luminescence, which is believed to originate from distorted complexes with compressed Pt–Pt separations located in defect sites within the neat film. White OLEDs are fabricated using 1 and 3 in three different device architectures, either with one or two dopants in dual emissive layers or both dopants in a single emissive layer. All the white OLEDs have high quantum efficiency (~ 5 %) and brightness (~ 600 Cd m–2 at 10 V). 相似文献
4.
Enhancing echo cancellation via estimation of delay 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Youhong Lu Fowler R. Tian W. Thompson L. 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2005,53(11):4159-4168
The advent of packetized audio transmission, such as voice over IP (VoIP), has resulted in challenging requirements for echo cancellation technology. One key aspect of this technology is the need to characterize, quickly and accurately, the echo paths in the transmission media. Echo paths consist of a constant time delay with no echo signal and active regions in which the echo signal is present. When an adaptive filter echo cancellation algorithm is used, its performance can be greatly increased, and its complexity can be reduced if it is only applied to the active regions. This requires an algorithm to estimate the constant delay and locate the active regions. Traditionally, delay estimation has been based on direct application of cross-correlation. This method has poor performance because the input signals are highly correlated and has a high implementation cost because many cross-correlation lags have to be computed for longer time delays. The delay estimation addressed in this paper has two major advantages over the traditional methods. The first is that it has improved performance because the input signals are processed to have less correlation. The second is that the implementation cost is significantly reduced because fewer cross-correlation lags are computed, and an efficient method to estimate lags is created. 相似文献
5.
Mike Thompson 《今日电子》2008,(4):43-44
构建和维护合适的功率环境对系统的正确运行非常关键。对功率的控制和管理越来越受到重视,无论是简单的手持式便携设备,还是多服务器机架系统,都希望能够节省能耗、降低成本。 相似文献
6.
A modification of the classical banyan switching network architecture, called the dilated slipped banyan, is described. This architecture is recursive and switching networks of any size perform permutation switching under a simple switching rule. They also exhibit column-control and dilation, properties that are particularly relevant to guided-wave and free-space photonic technologies. A photonic switching network, with this dilated slipped banyan architecture, is proposed as the hub of an all-optical active-star local-area network. The switching assignment at this hub is time-multiplexed on a fixed schedule that is known to all the terminals. This all-optical local-area network provides the equivalent of full-connectivity with high simultaneous data rates between every pair of terminals. A 16-terminal local-area network with 100 Mb/s of contention-free bandwidth between every pair of terminals is described 相似文献
7.
An infinite row of periodically spaced, identical rigid circularcylinders is excited by an acoustic line source which is parallelto the generators of the cylinders. A method for calculatingthe scattered field accurately and efficiently is presented.When the cylinders are sufficiently close together, Rayleigh–Blochsurface waves that propagate energy to infinity along the arrayare excited. An expression is derived which enables the amplitudesof these surface waves to be computed without requiring thesolution to the full scattering problem. 相似文献
8.
Syed M. Alam Donald E. Troxel Carl V. Thompson 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2003,35(2-3):199-206
In this paper, we describe a comprehensive layout methodology for bonded three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). In bonded 3D integration technology, parts of a circuit are fabricated on different wafers, and then, the wafers are bonded with a glue layer of Cu or polymer based adhesive. Using our layout methodology, designers can layout such 3D circuits with necessary information on inter-wafer via/contact and orientation of each wafer embedded in the layout. We have implemented the layout methodology in 3DMagic. Availability of 3DMagic has led to interesting research with a wide range of layout-specific circuit evaluation, from performance comparison of 2D and 3D circuits to layout-specific reliability analyses in 3D circuits. Using 3DMagic, researchers have designed and simulated an 8-bit encryption processor mapped into 2D and 3D FPGA layouts. Moreover, the layout methodology is an essential element of our ongoing research for the framework of a novel Reliability Computer Aided Design tool, ERNI-3D. 相似文献
9.
Whiteaway J.E.A. Garrett B. Thompson G.H.B. Collar A.J. Armistead C.J. Fice M.J. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1992,28(5):1277-1293
The influence of longitudinal mode spatial hole burning (LMSHB) on the performance of distributed feedback (DFB) laser structures is examined in detail. A comprehensive model has been used to interpret the experimental results and to construct a theoretical framework that was utilized to develop more advanced device designs. An increasing side mode intensity with output power, movement of the lasing mode relative to the stopband, and curvature of the light-current characteristic at low power can all be manifestations of the influence of LMSHB on the static device performance. The dynamic behavior can also be affected, with extended wavelength chirp and amplitude patterning effects on the timescale of the effective carrier recombination time being particularly important 相似文献
10.