Syntheses and configurational assignments of the diastereomers of the 4-nitrophenyl esters of thymidine 3′-(N-phenyl phosphoramidate) and thymidine 5′-(N-phenyl phosphoramidate)

The separated diastereomers of 3′-(4-nitrophenyl N-phenyl phosphoramidate)-5′-monomethoxytrityl thymidine and 3′-monomethoxytrityl-5′-(4-nitrophenyl N-phenyl phosphoramidate) thymidine have been prepared and their absolute configurations at phosphorus have been determined.     

Spectrally resolved light absorption properties of cooled soot from?a?methane flame

The optical properties of combustion-generated soot, crucial information for quantitative soot emission diagnostics and for climate modeling, have been determined for the particular case of cooled soot from a methane flame. Optical extinction measurements were performed over a wavelength range of 450–750 nm using a novel diffuse-light, spectrally resolved line-of-sight attenuation experiment, and quantified using extractive methods coupled with scanning and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with a detailed uncertainty analysis. The absorption component of the total measured extinction was isolated by calculating the expected scattering contribution, according to the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans approximation for polydisperse fractal aggregates. In contrast to the large degree of scatter seen in data previously reported in the literature, a consistent trend of negligible variation of the soot absorption refractive index function E(m) with wavelength over the visible was observed (E(m)=0.35±0.03 at wavelengths of 450–750 nm). These new data are also cast in the form of dimensionless extinction, which is independent of the scatter correction, as well as mass absorption cross section, which is independent of the mass density of soot and is commonly used by atmospheric modelers.