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2.
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a formidable barrier that severely impairs the efficacy of ICIs. While the crosstalk between tumor vessels and immune cells determines the nature of anti-tumor immunity, it is skewed toward a destructive cycle in growing tumors. First, the disorganized tumor vessels hinder CD8+ T cell trafficking into the TME, disable effector functions, and even kill T cells. Moreover, VEGF, the key driver of angiogenesis, interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells, thereby suppressing T cell priming, and VEGF also induces TOX-mediated exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the malformation of tumor vessels. Protumoral M2-like macrophages as well as TH2 and Treg cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors that accelerate uncontrolled angiogenesis and promote vascular immaturity. While CD8+ T and CD4+ TH1 cells suppress angiogenesis and induce vascular maturation by secreting IFN-γ, they are unable to infiltrate the TME due to malformed tumor vessels. These findings led to preclinical studies that demonstrated that simultaneous targeting of tumor vessels and immunity is a viable strategy to normalize aberrant vascular-immune crosstalk and potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, this combination strategy has been evidently demonstrated through recent pivotal clinical trials, granted approval from FDA, and is now being used in patients with kidney, liver, lung, or uterine cancer. Overall, combining anti-angiogenic therapy and ICI is a valid therapeutic strategy that can enhance cancer immunity and will further expand the landscape of cancer treatment.Subject terms: Cancer immunotherapy, Cancer microenvironment, Tumour angiogenesis, Tumour immunology, Targeted therapies 相似文献
3.
A series of titanate-based layered perovskites having large values of the spontaneous polarization P(s) were developed for their applcations to nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories. Among these, the Nd-modified bismuth titanate [Bi(4-x)Nd(x)Ti(3)O(12) (BNdT)] system exhibited the most remarkable ferroelectric properties. The c-axis oriented BNdT capacitor was characterized by a switchable remanent polarization 2P(r) of over 100 microC/cm(2) and imprinting and fatigue-free behavior. The active Ti site responsible for the giant P(s) was identified with the help of Rietveld analysis, x-ray absorption near-edge structure study, and ab initio quantum computations. 相似文献
4.
Inheung Chon 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》1999,49(1):63-66
We show that if a real n × n non-singular matrix (n m) has all its minors of order m – 1 non-negative and has all its minors of order m which come from consecutive rows non-negative, then all mth order minors are non-negative, which may be considered an extension of Fekete's lemma. 相似文献
5.
This paper reports a lab-on-a-chip device that counts the number of bacteria flowing through a microchannel. The bacteria number counting is realized by a microfluidic differential Resistive Pulse Sensor (RPS). By using a single microfluidic channel with two detecting arm channels placed at the two ends of the sensing section, the microfluidic differential RPS can achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. This method is applied to detect and count bacteria in aqueous solution. The detected RPS signals amplitude for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranges from 0.05 V to 0.17 V and the signal-to-noise ratio is 5-17. The number rate of the bacteria flowing through the sensing gate per minute is a linear function of the sample concentration. Using this experimentally obtained correlation curve, the concentration of bacteria in the sample solution can be evaluated within several minutes by measuring the number rate of the bacteria flowing through the sensing gate of this microfluidic differential RPS chip. The method described in this paper is simple and automatic, and have wide applications in determining the bacteria and cell concentrations for microbiological and other biological applications. 相似文献
6.
V.A. Sethuraman M.J. Chon M. Shimshak N. Van Winkle P.R. Guduru 《Electrochemistry communications》2010,12(11):1614-1617
We report in situ measurement of biaxial moduli of a Si thin-film electrode as a function of its lithium concentration. During lithiation, biaxial compressive stress is induced in the Si film and it undergoes plastic flow. At any state-of-charge (SOC), a relatively small delithiation–relithiation sequence unloads and reloads the film elastically. From the stress and strain changes during a delithiation–relithiation cycle, the biaxial modulus of the film is calculated. Stress change is obtained by measuring the change in substrate curvature using a Multi-beam Optical Sensor; the elastic strain change is obtained from the change in SOC. By repeating these measurements at several different values of SOC, the biaxial modulus was seen to decrease from ca. 70 GPa for Li0.32Si to ca. 35 GPa for Li3.0Si. Such a significant reduction in elastic modulus has important implications for modeling stress evolution and mechanical degradation in Si-based anodes. 相似文献
7.
Chon MJ Sethuraman VA McCormick A Srinivasan V Guduru PR 《Physical review letters》2011,107(4):045503
Crystalline to amorphous phase transformation during initial lithiation in (100) Si wafers is studied in an electrochemical cell with Li metal as the counter and reference electrode. During initial lithiation, a moving phase boundary advances into the wafer starting from the surface facing the lithium electrode, transforming crystalline Si into amorphous Li(x)Si. The resulting biaxial compressive stress in the amorphous layer is measured in situ, and it was observed to be ca. 0.5 GPa. High-resolution TEM images reveal a very sharp crystalline-amorphous phase boundary, with a thickness of ~1 nm. Upon delithiation, the stress rapidly reverses and becomes tensile, and the amorphous layer begins to deform plastically at around 0.5 GPa. With continued delithiation, the yield stress increases in magnitude, culminating in a sudden fracture of the amorphous layer into microfragments, and the cracks extend into the underlying crystalline Si. 相似文献
8.
Communicated by Karl H. Hofmann 相似文献
9.
Ultrafast laser ablation of indium tin oxide thin films for organic light-emitting diode application
Mira Park Byong Hyok Chon Hyun Sun Kim Sae Chae Jeoung Dongho Kim Jeoung-Ik Lee Hye Yong Chu Hyeong Rae Kim 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2006,44(2):138-146
Ultrafast laser ablation of ITO thin film coated on the glass has been investigated as a function of laser fluence as well as the number of laser pulses. The ablation threshold of ITO thin film was found to be 0.07 J/cm2 that is much lower than that of glass substrate (about 1.2–1.6 J/cm2), which leads to a selective ablation of ITO film without damage on glass substrate. The changes in the electrical resistance and morphology of ablated trench of ITO electrode were found to be strongly dependent on the processing conditions. We present the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) fabricated with ITO electrode patterned by ultrafast laser ablation. 相似文献
10.
Ruud Peters Ingrid Elbers Anna Undas Eelco Sijtsma Sophie Briffa Pauline Carnell-Morris Agnieszka Siupa Tae-Hyun Yoon Loïc Burr David Schmid Jutta Tentschert Yves Hachenberger Harald Jungnickel Andreas Luch Florian Meier Jovana Kocic Jaeseok Kim Byong Chon Park Barry Hardy Colin Johnston Kerstin Jurkschat Jrg Radnik Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba Iseult Lynch Eugenia Valsami-Jones 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(15)