Particle systems on flows

We start with a stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms of the space. Particles enter the space at random times and places. Each particle is carried by the flow for some random amount of time. We examine the point process formed by the particles at a fixed time, on the evolution of that point process as time varies, and on the equilibrium law of the point process.     

Ubiquitous Information Services with JAIN Platform

To provide responsive information services in a ubiquitous computing environment, service software and system development are indispensable. A component-based ubiquitous information system with a JAIN (Java APIs for Integrated Networks) platform to achieve seamless transmissions and reach-everywhere communications was designed in our research. In this development, numerous ubiquitous service modules were identified: location management, roaming, mobile IP and WAP networking. These component-based network modules were constructed using a component composition language with component specification and interface definition, running on top of a distributed service architecture using a JAIN platform to distribute the ubiquitous information services to mobile users. Two applications, Wireless-Application-Protocol (WAP) Mail and Video-on-Demand (VoD) services, show that the JAIN-like platform with the developed networking components effectively fills the gap for application developers between mobile appliances and various kinds of ubiquitous information services.     

Kinetics of AuSn4 migration in lead-free solders

The relatively fast diffusion of Au atoms in eutectic PbSn matrix is considered one of the contributing factors to the Au embrittlement problem. In this study, we further investigated the Au embrittlement problem in high-Sn solders. Experimentally, Sn3.5Ag (wt.%) spheres with 500-μm diameter were soldered over the Au/Ni soldering pads. It was found that some of the AuSn₄ needles that formed after reflow inside the solder migrated back to the solder/pad interface during thermal aging. However, the migration kinetics in high-Sn solders was slower compared to that in eutectic PbSn. The difference in migration kinetics of AuSn₄ in eutectic PbSn and SnAg was ascribed to the difference in the magnitudes of the Au flux and the Ni flux. In eutectic PbSn, the Au flux was much greater than that of the Ni flux, and the Au and Ni flux were in the same order of magnitude in eutectic SnAg. The relative magnitude of the Au and Ni flux changed in eutectic PbSn and SnAg because the homologous temperatures of PbSn and SnAg were different.     

Curing and pyrolysis of epoxy resins containing 2-(6-oxido-6<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-dibenz(<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">e</Emphasis>)(1,2)oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-naphthalenediol or bisphenol S

This work examines the curing kinetics, thermal properties, and decomposition kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxies with three different curing agents, 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz(c,e)(1,2)oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-naphthalenediol (ODOPN), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol S (BPS). The differential scanning calorimetry curing study reveals that the curing kinetics of the DGEBA/ODOPN epoxy is first order, independent of the scan rate. The ODOPN-containing epoxy, unlike the conventional BPA one, includes a phosphorus-containing bulky pendant aromatic group and results in an increase in the glass-transition temperature of 83 K, the char yield increases by a factor of 3, and the limiting oxygen index values increase from 23 to 27. For the BPS system, the glass-transition temperature increased slightly, and both the char yield and the limiting oxygen index value increased insignificantly when the test was conducted in air. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis decomposition study in N₂ from Ozawa's analysis demonstrates that the DGEBA/BPS epoxy has the highest activation energy, followed by the regular DGEBA/BPA system, and lastly the DGEBA/ODOPN has the lowest activation energy. The low activation energy for the ODOPN system is attributed to the initial decomposition of the phosphorus compound in the formation of an insulating layer.     

Two New Saturated Sesquiterpene Diols—Cadinan-3β, 9β-Diol and Cadinan-3β, 9α-Diol from Taiwania Cryptomerioides Hayata

From the wood of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, two new sesquiterpenes, cadinan-3β, 9β-diol and cadinan-3β, 9α-diol were isolated as minor components. Their structures were elucidated as (I) and (II), respectively.