模块化基带设计——实现低成本和可再用无线架构

数月前,我曾发表过一篇关于模块化基站设计的文章(刊登于本刊2006年4月期),阐述下一代基带系统理想架构中的关键元件。文章回顾了通用公共无线电接口(CPRI)、开放式基站架构发起组织(OBSAI)、先进电信计算架构(A T C A)和串行RapidIO等标准对于下一代系统的重要性。同时,文章还     

Natural and artificial radioactivity levels of greenhouse soils and relations with soil properties

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - In this study, natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclide activity concentration levels of 63 greenhouse soils collected from...     

0–30?V common mode range, 120?dB CMRR, and 10?nV/ \sqrt {\text{Hz}} noise floor current shunt monitor IC with an embedded ΣΔ modulated digital interface

Sensing and controlling current flow is a fundamental requirement for many electronic systems, including power management (DC?CDC converters and LDOs), battery chargers, electric vehicles, solenoid positioning, motor control, and power monitoring. Current shunt monitor (CSM) system enables current measurement across an external sense resistor (R _S ) in series to current flow. Proposed CSM system can sense a system (power supply) current from 1 to 500?mA across a typical board Cu-trace resistance of 1??? with less than 10???V input-referred offset, 150?nV/°C offset drift and 0.1% accuracy. Instead of using a costly zero-TC sense resistor (R _S ) that is used in typical CSM systems; proposed method uses existing Cu board trace for sensing. The sense amplifier uses chopper stabilization in the signal chain of the amplifier to suppress input-referred offset down to less than 10???V. Switching current-mode (SI) FIR filtering is used at the instrumentation amplifier output to filter out the chopping ripple at the harmonics of the chopping frequency. A frequency domain Sigma Delta (????FD) ADC enables a digital interface to processor applications. The CSM is fabricated on a 0.7???m CMOS process with three levels of metal with maximum Vds tolerance of 8?V, and operates across a common mode range of 0?C30?V achieving less than 10?nV/ $ \sqrt {\text{Hz}} $ of flicker noise at 100?Hz. By using a semi-digital SI FIR filter, residual chopper ripple is suppressed by more than 7.5?mV_pp from the base line of 8?mV_pp, which is equivalent to 25?dB suppression.     

DisplayPort在电视中的应用

DisplayPort是视频电子标准协会(Video Electronic Standards Association-VESA)新的接口标准,简化了显示设计及其相关的连接.它还以强大的电气特性支持更高的分辨率.虽然从目前的应用来看,DisplayPort接口主要应用于笔记本和显示器,但其也适用于数字电视等很多嵌入式和内部应用.     

A low noise,high power efficiency supply regulator for near-field power delivery

In order to deliver near-field electromagnetic power to a biomedical device or an RFID tag efficiently, the downlink signal is preferred to be at a high voltage level. To reduce power consumption and meet low supply requirements, it is advantageous for the remote device power supply to step-down the input voltage following rectification, typically using switch-mode regulators. The output ripple of a switched capacitor converter is inversely proportional to the filtering capacitance at the output node and switching frequency. In this paper, a hybrid DC–DC converter utilizing a switched capacitor regulator in master–slave configuration with a linear regulator is presented. Linear regulator actively cancels the switching ripple, while low frequency and DC current is provided by the switched capacitor converter. The converter is designed to receive an average input voltage of 5 Vpk from the receiver coil, with an output voltage of 2 V, and 5 mA of output current. The proposed regulator is fabricated in 0.35 μm technology. The power efficiency is measured to be 67%, with a nominal peak to peak ripple of less than 2 mV at the output.     

3isplayPort在电视中的应用

DisplayPort是视频电子标准协会（Video Electronic Standards Association VESA）新的接口标准,简化了显示设计及其相关的连接。它还以强大的电气特性支持更高的分辨率。虽然从目前的应用来看,DisplayPort接口主要应用于笔记本和显示器,但其也适用于数字电视等很多嵌入式和内部应用。     

A 280 mW, 0.07% THD+N class-D audio amplifier using a frequency-domain quantizer

Pulse density modulation (PDM) based class-D amplifiers can reduce non-linearity and tonal content due to carrier signal in pulse width modulation based amplifiers. However, their low-voltage analog implementations also require a linear loop filter and a quantizer. A PDM based class-D audio amplifier using a frequency-domain quantization is presented. The digital intensive frequency-domain approach achieves high linearity under low supply regimes. An analog comparator and a single-bit quantizer are replaced with a current controlled oscillator (ICO) based frequency discriminator. By using the ICO as a phase integrator, a third-order noise shaping is achieved using only two analog integrators. A single-loop, single-bit, class-D audio amplifier is presented with an H-bridge switching power stage, which is designed and fabricated on a 0.18???m CMOS process with 6 layers of metal achieving a total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) of 0.065% and a peak power efficiency of 80% while driving a 4-?? loudspeaker load. The amplifier can deliver the output power of 280 mW.     

Electronic-nose for detecting environmental pollutants: signal processing and analog front-end design

Environmental monitoring relies on compact, portable sensor systems capable of detecting pollutants in real-time. An integrated chemical sensor array system is developed for detection and identification of environmental pollutants in diesel and gasoline exhaust fumes. The system consists of a low noise floor analog front-end (AFE) followed by a signal processing stage. In this paper, we present techniques to detect, digitize, denoise and classify a certain set of analytes. The proposed AFE reads out the output of eight conductometric sensors and eight amperometric electrochemical sensors and achieves 91 dB SNR at 23.4 mW quiescent power consumption for all channels. We demonstrate signal denoising using a discrete wavelet transform based technique. Appropriate features are extracted from sensor data, and pattern classification methods are used to identify the analytes. Several existing pattern classification algorithms are used for analyte detection and the comparative results are presented.     

Phage Displayed HBV Core Antigen with Immunogenic Activity

Hepatitis B is a major public health problem worldwide, which may lead to chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) is one of the major viral proteins, which forms the inner core of hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles. In this study, filamentous bacteriophage M13 was genetically modified to display the polypeptides of HBcAg in order to develop an alternative carrier system. HBcAg gene was inserted into the minor coat protein (pIII) gene of M13, and HBcAg was expressed on the phage surface as a whole protein. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBcAg were tested by immunizing BALB/c mice three times with HBcAg-displaying recombinant phages. After successful immunization, one of the mice with high antibody titer to HBcAg was selected for fusion, and four monoclonal antibodies specific for HBcAg were developed. This result showed that HBcAg-displaying recombinant bacteriophages are immunogenic and can potentially be used for the development of monoclonal antibodies.     

衡量下一代平板显示器的七种方法

随着32英寸720p液晶电视价格降至500美元以下，17英寸PC显示器降至100美元以下，电视、PC显示器和平板显示器制造商必须找到个性化和增值的方法。避免“通用”状态与目前不断增长的视频／图形处理器需求，以及传输急速增长的数据所需更高互连带宽的要求紧密相关。以下介绍的是实现下一代平板显示器个性化差异的七种方法：