高压合成Nb1-xB2（0〈x〈0．7）超导体的结构转变、电子结构和超导电性研究

自从MgB2（Tc=39K）超导体发现以来，AlB2型结构的二元化合物在实验和理论研究中都受到了日益广泛的关注。最近，我们利用高温高压方法合成了一系列具有Nb缺位的Nb1-xB2（0〈x〈0．7）化合物，得到了单相AlB2结构的样品。当0．2≤x〈0．5时，样品在8K附近出现明显的超导转变。结构分析表明，随着Nb含量的减少，晶格参数在x≈0．2处发生突变，在a-b面内收缩，沿c轴方向拉长。为了深入理解Nb1-xB2中超导特性与结构转变和电子结构的关系，我们对一系列Nb1-xB2样品进行了电子能量损失谱的测量；并且利用第一原理计算分析了材料的电子结构随成分变化的关系，得到了与实验一致的理论结果。     

高压增氧T′相铜氧化合物Eu_2CuO_(4+δ)低温反常磁性的研究

本文系统地研究了高氧压下合成的Ｔ′相铜氧化合物Ｅｕ２ＣｕＯ４＋δ样品的结构及磁性，发现了一个由氧掺杂引起位于２８Ｋ具有弱铁磁性特征的磁化率反常．我们的结果表明氧掺杂导致的弱铁磁性不能按稀土离子的尺度效应来解释，而可能是氧掺杂在ＣｕＯ２面形成的空穴非均匀聚集导致的局域畸变产生．本文还对Ｔ′相超导体的一些超导特性作了解释．     

Electronic Phase Separation in Iron Selenide(Li,Fe)OHFeSe Superconductor System

The phenomenon of phase separation into antiferromagnetic(AFM) and superconducting(SC) or normal-state regions has great implication for the origin of high-temperature(high-T_c) superconductivity. However, the occurrence of an intrinsic antiferromagnetism above the T_c of(Li,Fe)OHFe Se superconductor is questioned. Here we report a systematic study on a series of(Li,Fe)OHFe Se single crystal samples with T_c up to ～41 K. We observe an evident drop in the static magnetization at T_(afm) ～ 125 K, in some of the SC(T_c 38 K, cell parameter c■9.27 ?) and non-SC samples. We verify that this AFM signal is intrinsic to(Li,Fe)OHFe Se. Thus, our observations indicate mesoscopic-to-macroscopic coexistence of an AFM state with the normal(below T_(afm)) or SC(below T_c) state in(Li,Fe)OHFe Se. We explain such coexistence by electronic phase separation, similar to that in high-T_c cuprates and iron arsenides. However, such an AFM signal can be absent in some other samples of(Li,Fe)OHFe Se, particularly it is never observed in the SC samples of T_c 38 K, owing to a spatial scale of the phase separation too small for the macroscopic magnetic probe. For this case, we propose a microscopic electronic phase separation. The occurrence of two-dimensional AFM spin fluctuations below nearly the same temperature as T_(afm), reported previously for a(Li,Fe)OHFe Se(T_c ～ 42 K) single crystal, suggests that the microscopic static phase separation reaches vanishing point in high T_c(Li,Fe)OHFe Se. A complete phase diagram is thus established. Our study provides key information of the underlying physics for high-T_c superconductivity.     

磁性Gd3+离子对Chevrel相超导体PbMo6S8的临界电流和输运性质的影响

采用高温固态反应和均衡热压方法相结合,我们制备了一系列Gd掺杂的Chevrel相GdxPb1-xMo6S8超导样品.为了研究掺入的磁性Gd3+离子对于磁通线的钉扎作用和对临界电流及其它性质的影响,我们系统地测量了样品的电阻率,热电势,比热和临界电流密度.同时,我们计算了磁性Gd3+离子与磁通线之间的相互作用和这种作用可能导致的磁通钉扎及对临界电流的影响,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果显示除非Gd3+离子的分布是非常不均匀的,Gd3+离子所引起的钉扎是不重要的.另一方面,热电势和电阻率等输运性质及比热的结果显示由于Gd3+取代了Pb2+使载流子浓度降低了.载流子浓度的降低进而引起其它超导参数如热力学临界场Bc的变化,导致钉扎势的减小,最终降低了临界电流.     

场冷和零场冷过程中磁化强度的模型化与数值模拟

通过采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法和磁通运动的热激活模型（ＴＡＦＭ） ,本文计算了在场冷（ＦＣ）和零场冷（ＺＦＣ） 过程中的磁场位形及磁化强度．基于简单的ＫｉｍＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ 模型的Ｕ（ｊ） 依赖关系,主要的实验结果都可以较好的被模拟．计算表明,在零场冷中,磁场位形非常接近Ｂｅａｎ 临界态模型,而在场冷中则相反,表现的是磁通冻结的图象．零场冷和场冷中的磁化强度都很强的依赖于钉扎势和临界电流密度,而只微弱的依赖于温度变化的速度     

PHASE SEPARATION AND JOSEPHSON-COUPLING ORIGIN FOR THE ANOMALOUS Hc2 BEHAVIOR IN OVERDOPED Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ CRYSTALS

Hole-overdoped Bi₂Sr_2-xLa_xCuO_6+δ single crystals with two coexistent superconducting transitions have been intensively studied by measuring the dc magnetic susceptibility. It is found that the coexistence of these two phases cannot be attributed to any chemical or vortex dynamical effect but to some intrinsic driving force, such as the electronic-driven phase separation. Furthermore, the upper critical fields of the two phases behave in a rather different way; that is, one of them shows a "normal H_c2 behavior" which can be described by the critical fluctuation theory, while the other exhibits an "anomalous H_c2 behavior" and can be well explained by a recent theory based on an assumption of a Josephson-coupling origin, indicating a strong evidence of Josephson-coupling origin for the upward curvature of the so-called H_c2 in high T_c superconductors.     

吸气溅射Mo_(1-x)Si_x薄膜的超导性能

对于四个Mo_(1-x)Si_x薄膜样品进行了超导转变温度、临界温度附近的临界磁场以及在4.2K下的临界电流的测试,并且测量了室温(300K)及低温(8K)下的电阻率,结果显示四个样品具有非晶的特征,其中Mo_(78)Si_(22)薄膜样品有较好的非晶特性。     

急冷Ag-Ge二元系合金的相关系

用X射线衍射和热学分析的方法研究了急冷(冷却速度约为10⁴K/s)Ag-Ge二元系样品的相关系。由于急冷Ge在Ag中的溶解度由平衡下的1.5at％扩展到8at％。在Ge含量为8—23at％的样品中,除含Ge在Ag中的过饱和固溶体和Ge外,还有一个具有与Ag基过饱和固溶体相同成分,不同堆垛形式的亚稳相,属A3型六角密排结构,点阵常数a=2.893±0.010?,c=4.720±0.010?,c/a=1.632。用DuPont公司1090系列的差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了过饱和固溶体和 关键词：     

4.2K低温扫描隧道显微镜的研制及 2H-NbSe2中电荷密度波的观测

We describe a home-built low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) which can work at room temperature,77K and 4.2K.The LT-STM main body is made of machinable glass ceramic (MACOR) which provides highly mechnical rigidity and thermal stability.The main body includes also a piezo linear step motor which realizes automatically the precise aproach of tip to sample.The LT-STM system are also consisted of a two-stage vibration isolation consisting of spring suspensaion and an air table,a 2×10^-4Pa oil-free high vacuum pumping line,a 6 tesla superconducting magnet,a helium Dewar,electronic control system and windows interfaced STM software.With this LT-STM atomically resolved images of HOPG were obtained at both room temperature and 4.3K.We have also observed a high quality atomic modulation and the charge density wave modulation and possiblly the periodic lattice distortion in crystal 2H-NbSe₂.We have also measured the tunneling spectroscopies of high temperature superconductor Bi2212 at 4.3K by using this home-built LT-STM.     

Y_（1－x）Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_（7－δ）超导体正常态异常的正电子湮没

在７７—３００Ｋ温度范围内用正电子湮没方法测量了Ｙ１－ｘＰｒｘＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０．２，０．１，０．０）三个超导样品中正电子湮没寿命随温度的变化，细致地研究了正常志异常现象．Ｘ为０．０和０．１的二个样品分别在较Ｔｃ高４０Ｋ和３０Ｋ处观察到了正常态异常现象ｘ＝０．２样品（Ｔｃ＜８０Ｋ）没有观察到正常态异常现象．实验观察到的正常态异常现象可能是发生超导转变的前奏，由结构不稳定产生的类相交所致．