用单纯形模拟退火混合算法反演地声参数

提出了一种基于下降的单纯形算法和模拟退火算法的混合优化算法用于反演地声参数。下降的单纯形方法对于目标函数的梯度信息相当敏感,因此在参数空间中能迅速地移向极小点,但由于它只能向下移动,因而往往易陷入局部极小且依赖初始条件。而模拟退火算法使用随机选取的目标函数值在参数空间中搜索最佳答案,其结构有利于从局部极小中跳出,但是由于它不能利用目标函数的梯度信息因而对参数空间的搜索效率很低。混合方法结合了下降的单纯形方法与快速模拟退火方法这二者的优点,能更有效、更迅速地获得全局最优点。     

高压换流站交流滤波器组相干噪声源声功率反演

针对高压换流站内交流滤波器组相干噪声源的声功率难以确定的问题,该文提出了一种基于几何声学理论的声功率反演方法。该方法采用可同时考虑噪声源强度和相位的几何声学理论建立相干声场模型,在此基础上构建声功率反演模型,通过寻找使声学模型输出和实测数据差异最小的声源参数(强度和相位),实现了对相干噪声源声功率的反演。数值仿真和实验数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

水下目标的前向散射探测

当物体靠近双基地声呐基线时,由于直达波的干扰,声呐系统存在检测盲区。根据巴宾奈特原理．物体的前向散射目标强度要比其他方向高出15dB左右,占据着一定的扇区宽度。提出利用这种物理现象实现对目标的探测。研究发现,当物体穿过基线时,前向散射信号对声场产生扰动。对浅海信道中的物体散射声场进行建模分析．讨论前向散射探测系统的性能,并提出检测方法,仿真实验验证了方法的可行性。     

浅海声速剖面与移动声源的跟踪定位

在水平非均匀分布的浅海环境中,针对移动声源跟踪时,声速剖面的变化会对声场产生影响,提出了一种利用集合卡尔曼滤波算法的声速剖面跟踪反演和移动声源跟踪定位的方法。首先,将声速剖面进行距离和深度的参数化表示,从而将对声速剖面的跟踪转化为对声速剖面前3阶经验正交函数系数的跟踪;其次,通过将声源状态信息和声速剖面信息表示为状态变量,而将垂直线列阵接收到的声场信息作为测量值建立状态-测量模型,然后利用集合卡尔曼滤波方法对模型状态变量进行跟踪。仿真结果得出:声速剖面跟踪反演的均方根误差和移动声源跟踪定位的绝对误差都非常小,对声源的跟踪定位精度很高。并且通过增加集合样本数、增加接收信号信噪比以及增加接收阵元数目都可以提高跟踪定位结果精度。最后,利用东海实验数据对本方法进行了验证。      

利用海底反射信号进行地声参数反演的方法

针对现有反演方法的缺点,提出了一种基于海底反射信号的地声参数高分辨反演方法.它利用短距离声源在不同深度上发射宽带线性调频信号,采用垂直阵进行接收,首先通过匹配滤波方法提取多径到达信息,然后利用海底反射损失曲线,反演海底表层的声速和密度,最后利用浅底层反射信号估计沉积层参数.由于海水中直达波受到内波的强烈影响,选择海底表面反射作为参考,用以可靠地计算浅底层反射的相对到达时间和幅度,从而估计出沉积层的厚度、速度和衰减系数.通过海上实验,验证了利用浅底层反射信号反演参数的有效性. 关键词： 海底参数 反演 浅底层反射信号     

The power spectrum and correlation of flow noise for an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body is important for improving the performance of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. Analytical calculation and numerical analysis of the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body are presented and a simulation scheme for the noise correlation on the hydrophones is given. It is shown that the numerical values of the flow noise coincide well with the analytical values. The main physical features of flow noise are obtained. The flow noises of two different models are compared and a model with a rather optimal fore-body shape is given. The flow noise in horizontal symmetry profile of the axisymmetric body is non-uniform, but it is omni-directional and has little difference in the cross section of the body. The loss of noise diffraction has a great effect on the flow noise from boundary layer transition. Meanwhile, based on the simulation, the noise power level increases with velocity to approximately the fifth power at high frequencies, which is consistent with the experiment data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the flow noise received by the acoustic array has lower correlation at a designed central frequency, which is important for sonar system design.     

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.     

浅海环境下垂直矢量阵空间增益分析

矢量传感器由声压传感器和振速传感器同心复合而成,由它构成的垂直矢量阵的空间增益相比于传统的声压阵能提高4.8 dB。利用典型浅海环境中的仿真数据比较了垂直矢量阵的实际空间增益和理想空间增益,并分析了声源位置、阵元个数、矢量阵深度和信号频率对垂直矢量阵组合空间增益的影响,仿真分析结论对垂直矢量阵的应用具有参考价值。     

Physical model of acoustic forward scattering by cylindrical shell and its experimental validation

Research on the underwater target scattering can provide important theoretical support for target detection. The scattering model of cylindrical shell is established in this paper. It is found that the forward target strength is much stronger and varies with angles of incident wave less significantly than backward target strength. The received forward signal strength fluctuates with the target moving due to the interference between direct signal and scattering signal, which is most significant when target approaches the baseline. An experiment is carried out in an anechoic tank to validate the scattering model. The method of acquisiting forward scattering in the tank is proposed. The forward and the backward target strengths are achieved by using the pulse compression technology, and they are about 3dB less than the modeling results. The forward scattering phenomena of quiescent and moving target are measured, which are similar to modeling results with different target types.     

对可编程ASIC发展新趋势的探讨

随着半导体技术的发展,可编程逻辑器件（PLD）以及现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的出现,电子系统设计进入了一个全新的阶段,可编程ASIC的发展为电子系统的逻辑设计确立了一种新的工业标准。本文主要讨论的是ASIC技术的现状及发展趋势,并对ASIC的设计思想以及涉及的新技术做了进一步的探讨说明。