长光程差分吸收光谱法测量大气SO2浓度研究

差分吸收光谱技术测量空气中痕量气体浓度时,结果准确性受标准差分吸收截面和仪器函数影响.为此,提出采用多种浓度样气计算差分吸收截面的方法,将测得的差分吸收截面应用于实验室SO2样气的测量,得到SO2气体浓度相对误差为1.67％;现场测量大气中SO2气体浓度最大值为66.73ppb,最小值为12.49ppb,日平均浓度为28.2ppb,符合当地实际.实验表明,该方法能够准确测量大气中SO2气体浓度.     

光纤光栅传感器的工作原理及发展前景

给出了光纤光栅传感器的工作原理,光纤光栅的特点,并针对光纤光栅传感器实际应用中存在的问题及解决途径进行了讨论.     

最大熵和HMM在中文词性标注中的应用

隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）基于n-元语法的标注效果虽然不错,但由于预测信息的不足,对汉语的词性标注,特别是未登录词的词性标注精度影响很大。而最大熵模型使用特征的形式,有效的利用了上下文信息,在一定的约束条件下可以得到与训练数据一致的概率分布,即使是未登录词,由于其丰富的上下文信息,对它的词性标注也起到了很好的预测作用。实验结果证明最大熵方法取得了较好的标注效果。     

光谱法诊断大气压等离子体电子密度

采用发射光谱方法对大气压氩气介质阻挡放电(DBD)系统中的电子密度进行了诊断。通过考虑放电等离子体中的各种加宽机制, 采用自编的非对称卷积程序对氩原子发射谱线的线型进行分析拟合, 再通过反卷积的方法将各种加宽机制分离开来, 最终将Stark展宽分离出来进行大气压氩气介质阻挡放电电子密度的计算。诊断结果表明, 在大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中当有三个放电丝存在, 电子温度为10000 K时, 电子密度约为4.06×1021 m-3, 诊断结果和模拟结果符合得很好。此方法不仅可以应用在大气压介质阻挡放电中, 还可以用于其他含有非氢气体的大气压等离子体电子密度的测量。     

土壤中Pb、Cr元素激光诱导击穿光谱技术定量分析

采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser-induced b reakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)对土 壤样品中的Pb和Cr元素进行了分析,以PbI280.17 nm和CrI425.43 nm作为分析线,优化了透 镜到样品的距离(Lens to sample distance,LTSD)、延迟时间对光谱信号强度及信噪比 SNR 的影响。在最佳实验条件下,对两种元素的谱峰强度和元素浓度进行分析,针对外标法 和内标法分别建立了谱线峰值强度、谱线峰值积分面积与对应元素浓度的定标曲线。采用谱 线峰值积分面积法对土壤中重金属Pb和Cr元素的检测,相比于外标法,内标法将Pb和Cr元素 最大相对误差分别从13.56%和12.68%降低到了 6.7%;Pb和Cr元素定标曲线的拟合相关 系数R²分别从0.978和0.975提高到了0.996和0.991。实 验结果表明:采用LIBS技术对土 壤中Pb、Cr元素检测具有可行性,采用谱线峰值积分面积的内标法,可以降低最大相对误差 并提高测量精度。     

Measurement of CO2 concentration based on supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy

The concentrations of CO₂ were measured by the supercontinuum laser at normal temperature and variable temperature accurately in this paper. The absorption spectra of CO₂ at different concentrations(1.2%—9.0%) were measured in the wavelength range of 1 425—1 445 nm under the optical path of 26.4 m at 293 K and 1 atm. The experimental results showed that the positions of the primary and secondary absorption peaks(1 432 nm, 1 437 nm) were consistent with the HITRAN database. A linear model of concentration and signal intensity at 1 432 nm was established. The maximum relative error of the concentration measurement was 3.3%. The line intensities of 99.9% CO₂ in the 1 425—1 445 nm at different temperatures(298—373 K, interval of 15 K) were measured. The influence of temperature changes on the concentration measurement result was corrected and the relative error of the concentration measurement was reduced to 1.4%. Finally, the source of the uncertainty of the entire spectrum measurement system was analyzed and evaluated. This paper demonstrate that the supercontinuum laser can achieve the long-distance measurement of the CO₂ under normal temperature or variable temperature environment accurately, which provide an important reference for the long-distance gas detection on site and simultaneous detection of multi-component gases.     

Measurement of air pollutants by differential optical absorption spectroscopy using a Cassegrain telescope with fibers

A differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method is presented and used for the air pollutant detection. The novel measurement frame employs a Cassegrain telescope and a combined fiber bundle. The emitting and receiving fibers are bundled together at one port. The common port is placed at the focus of the Cassegrain telescope. The total length of the prototype is reduced to about 1/2 of the traditional one. Air pollutants of SO2, NO2 and O3 are monitored by the prototype, and the concentrations are inverted. Results show that the correlation coefficients are 0.9490, 0.9614 and 0.9301, respectively. And there is a good consistency between the measured results and the reference data.     

Luminescent property and energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in YAl3(BO3)4

A series of Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ or Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ doped YAl₃(BO₃)₄ phosphors are synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction, and their luminescent properties are investigated. YAl₃(BO₃)₄:Ce³⁺ shows a broad emission band at 422 nm under the 367 nm radiation excitation. YAl₃(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺ can be efficiently excited by the ultraviolet (UV) light, and produces green emission. The emission intensity of YAl₃(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺ can be enhanced by adjusting Tb³⁺ doped content, and reaches the maximum at 0.06 mol Tb³⁺. When Ce³⁺ is codoped, the emission intensity of Tb³⁺ in YAl₃(BO₃)₄ can be enhanced, but the commission international del’eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of YAl₃(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺ have almost no change. Moreover, the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ in YAl₃(BO₃)₄ is studied.     

TDLAS技术调制参量的优化及实验研究

为了研究激光调制参量对二次谐波信号峰值、信噪比、峰宽、对称性以及信号完整性的影响,基于硬件实验系统与Simulink仿真模型进行分析,验证了理论模拟结果与此硬件系统下信号变化趋势的一致性,同时确定了CO2检测系统的最佳调制参量.通过实验系统对不同体积分数的CO2在1432.04nm处的吸收光谱进行了测量,建立主吸收峰处...     

Study on energy threshold and spectral characteristics with spot radius based on LIBS technology

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the laser-induced optical breakdown energy threshold and the spectral signal changes with the spot radius. First of all, using the avalanche breakdown threshold theory calculates the threshold avalanche ionization rate ηc. Combining with the theory of light intensity distribution and the relationship between pulse energy and peak power, numerical calculations have obtained the law of change of spot radius and threshold laser energy. Secondly, the variation of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the laser energy is measured according the experimental measurement, and the threshold laser energy required for optical breakdown at different spot radius is obtained. The theoretical threshold model of the relationship between the threshold laser energy and the quadratic function of the spot radius obtained by numerical calculation is verified, and it is revised, the results show that the relative error between the revised theoretical threshold model and the experimental threshold model is less than 5.3%. At last, the influence of the spot radius on the spectral signal and electron density is also analyzed, it is found that both the spectral intensity and the electron density have a maximum at the spot radius of 11 μm. The results show that it is necessary to find the best spot radius during the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiment. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and experimental reference for further study of the influence of spot radius on LIBS technology measurement.