Measurement of CO2 concentration based on supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy

The concentrations of CO₂ were measured by the supercontinuum laser at normal temperature and variable temperature accurately in this paper. The absorption spectra of CO₂ at different concentrations(1.2%—9.0%) were measured in the wavelength range of 1 425—1 445 nm under the optical path of 26.4 m at 293 K and 1 atm. The experimental results showed that the positions of the primary and secondary absorption peaks(1 432 nm, 1 437 nm) were consistent with the HITRAN database. A linear model of concentration and signal intensity at 1 432 nm was established. The maximum relative error of the concentration measurement was 3.3%. The line intensities of 99.9% CO₂ in the 1 425—1 445 nm at different temperatures(298—373 K, interval of 15 K) were measured. The influence of temperature changes on the concentration measurement result was corrected and the relative error of the concentration measurement was reduced to 1.4%. Finally, the source of the uncertainty of the entire spectrum measurement system was analyzed and evaluated. This paper demonstrate that the supercontinuum laser can achieve the long-distance measurement of the CO₂ under normal temperature or variable temperature environment accurately, which provide an important reference for the long-distance gas detection on site and simultaneous detection of multi-component gases.     

TDLAS技术调制参量的优化及实验研究

为了研究激光调制参量对二次谐波信号峰值、信噪比、峰宽、对称性以及信号完整性的影响,基于硬件实验系统与Simulink仿真模型进行分析,验证了理论模拟结果与此硬件系统下信号变化趋势的一致性,同时确定了CO2检测系统的最佳调制参量.通过实验系统对不同体积分数的CO2在1432.04nm处的吸收光谱进行了测量,建立主吸收峰处...     

Study on energy threshold and spectral characteristics with spot radius based on LIBS technology

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the laser-induced optical breakdown energy threshold and the spectral signal changes with the spot radius. First of all, using the avalanche breakdown threshold theory calculates the threshold avalanche ionization rate ηc. Combining with the theory of light intensity distribution and the relationship between pulse energy and peak power, numerical calculations have obtained the law of change of spot radius and threshold laser energy. Secondly, the variation of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the laser energy is measured according the experimental measurement, and the threshold laser energy required for optical breakdown at different spot radius is obtained. The theoretical threshold model of the relationship between the threshold laser energy and the quadratic function of the spot radius obtained by numerical calculation is verified, and it is revised, the results show that the relative error between the revised theoretical threshold model and the experimental threshold model is less than 5.3%. At last, the influence of the spot radius on the spectral signal and electron density is also analyzed, it is found that both the spectral intensity and the electron density have a maximum at the spot radius of 11 μm. The results show that it is necessary to find the best spot radius during the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiment. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and experimental reference for further study of the influence of spot radius on LIBS technology measurement.     

游乐设施焊接缺陷分析与检测研究

焊接技术在游乐设施生产制造中具有不可替代的作用,焊接的质量直接决定着产品运行的安全性和可靠性,因此建立合理的游乐设施焊接缺陷检测系统,检测焊接外表面是否具有缺陷,对提高游乐设施的焊接生产质量具有重要意义。使用Matlab图像处理软件和Python语言开发焊接缺陷识别系统,对焊缝中的气孔、裂纹、咬边三种缺陷进行图像处理,提取焊接缺陷特征,并用神经网络建立焊接缺陷识别模型。实验结果表明,该系统对焊接过程中存在的气孔、裂纹、咬边三种缺陷的整体识别率可达92.86%,具有较好的识别率,有助于确保游乐设施焊接生产的质量。     

基于背景扣除法消除土壤基底中Al元素干扰的LIBS实验研究

土壤中重金属的污染严重影响了农业和食品安全，因此，对重金属污染的高效、准确的检测是目前亟需解决的问题。采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术（Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy，LIBS）对土壤中Ni元素进行定量分析时发现，土壤中波长为373.68 nm的Ni元素的特征峰会受到Al元素在373.39 nm处谱线的影响，因此，将纯铝基底土壤光谱与压片土壤光谱进行了对比测量。提出了以纯Al作为基底，采用纯Al基底谱线扣除土壤背景中Al元素谱线的方法，来消除土壤背景中Al元素对Ni元素干扰，该方法被称为背景扣除法。实验确定了两种土壤样品的最佳延迟时间均为1.0 μs，透镜到样品的距离（Lens to sample distance，LTSD）分别为97 mm和96 mm。采用内标法对两种土壤样品中的Ni进行了定量分析，得到纯Al基底土壤样品中Ni元素的定标曲线拟合效果较好，相关系数R2为0.997，最大标准偏差（Relative standard deviation，RSD）为4.34%，采用基底背景扣除法后的纯铝基底土壤样品中Ni元素检测的相对误差降低到4%。实验结果表明:采用LIBS技术对土壤中重金属元素含量测量时，在元素特征谱线有限的情况下，为避免谱线干扰，提高检测精度，采用背景扣除的方法能够有效消除元素间的谱线的干扰。     

Plasma characteristics and quantitative analysis of Pb and Ni in soil based on LIBS technology

When measured by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, the characteristic parameters of the plasma fluctuate significantly with the experimental parameters, which would have a greater impact on the quantitative measurement. The effects of two experimental parameters, lens to sample distance(LTSD) and delay time, on plasma temperature and electron density were analyzed. Thereafter the optimal LTSD and delay time for quantitative analysis of Pb and Ni in soil were identified. Two element calibration curves were calculated by the internal standard method under the optimal LTSD and delay time. About the two elements, correlation coefficient of the calibration curves is above 0.993. The maximum relative standard deviation(RSD) were 4.47% and 4.76%, respectively, and the maximum relative errors were 12% and 4.8%, respectively. The experimental results showed that laser induced breakdown spectroscopy method in combination with plasma characteristic parameter analysis shows the advantage on quantitative analysis of heavy metals in soil.     

基于加权K-近邻分类的非视距识别方法研究

超宽带(UWB)定位系统中,针对复杂的环境下,信号的遮挡、直达信号的错误判断严重影响定位精度问题,该文基于信道冲激响应(CIR)提出一种新型特征参量——饱和度(S),结合前人提出的特征参量利用Relief算法和互信息特征选择(MIFS)算法进行特征选择,在相关性的基础上赋予特征相应的权重,选择最优的特征子集进行加权K-近邻(WKNN)分类,提高了非视距(NLOS)识别系统准确度。并且分析了WKNN算法中的训练数据集数量与近邻数K对算法的影响,确定优选方案,减小了算法计算量,提高了NLOS识别系统实时性。在不同环境下进行实验验证,结果表明,该方法具备较高的识别准确度和环境适用性,识别精度达到95%。     

基于物质吸光度的气液两相流相含率测量模型

为了建立近红外信号特性与气液两相流不同流型相含率的关系,本文基于朗伯-比尔定律及物质的吸光度,对近红外接收信号与气液两相流相含率的关系进行了探究.将八通道近红外检测装置安装在河北大学多相流实验系统,并针对泡状流、环状流、弹状流三种流型下共87组工况点进行了多组实验,针对不同流型建立了相应的相含率测量模型,其中泡状流模型...     

基于平凸柱面镜的LIBS光束整形系统设计

为改善激光诱导击穿光谱(Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS)技术激光能量不均匀分布的问题,利用仿真软件对半径为12.5 mm的不同焦距型号的平凸柱面镜进行光路成像模拟,模拟显示满足激光器条件的最佳焦距为100 mm,在此基础上搭建基于LIBS光束的整形系统,实验表明：相比于无平凸柱面镜整形,样品中锶元素的焦斑光强均方差系数平均降低了41.91%,焦斑光强峰谷比系数平均降低了41.27%,而能量均匀度平均提高了17.23%,拟合决定系数由0.860提高到了0.914。结果显示使用平凸柱面镜可提高光束能量的均匀性,验证了平凸柱面镜是激光光束整形的一种有效方法。