Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

In the present research, hierarchical structure observation and mechanical property characterization for a type of biomaterial are carried out. The investigated biomaterial is Hyriopsis cumingii, a typical limnetic shell, which consists of two different structural layers, a prismatic "pillar"structure and a nacreous "brick and mortar" structure. The prismatic layer looks like a "pillar forest" with variationsection pillars sized on the order of several tens of microns.The nacreous material looks like a "brick wall" with bricks sized on the order of several microns. Both pillars and bricks are composed of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the hierarchical biomaterial are measured by using the nanoindentation test. Hardness and modulus are measured for both the nacre layer and the prismatic layer, respectively.The nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are investigated experimentally. The results show that the prismatic nanostructured material has a higher stiffness and hardness than the nacre nanostructured material.In addition, the nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are described theoretically, by using the trans-scale mechanics theory considering both strain gradient effect and the surface/interface effect. The modeling results are consistent with experimental ones.     

A new strategy for synthesis of branched cyclic peptide by Asn side-chain hydrazide ligation

Here, we report a new strategy for rapid synthesis of branched peptide by side-chain hydrazide ligation at Asn. The hydrazide was converted to thioester at Asn side chain by NaNO₂ and thiol reagent, and sequential ligation with an N-terminus Cys-peptide efficiently afforded the branched peptide. A branched cyclic peptide was successfully synthesized by side-chain ligation with a two-Cys-peptide and formation of a disulfide bond. This approach provides a new way for expeditious synthesis of branched peptides and facilitates the design of neopeptides as functional bio-mimics.     

广电宽带业务发展与系统建设（下）

6减免　如果用户对费用或是对服务有争议,用户觉得自己的权益受到了损害,除了采取咨询、投诉的方式外,还可采取要求减免的方式处理,系统减免申请功能也是应此要求产生的.     

陕西电信统一消息系统运行分析

统一消息系统是基于Internet和电信网的服务平台，它实现了固定电话，手持终端，传真机，PC机等设备之间的联系，个性化地实现了信息的互联互通以及信息的共享。本系统地介绍了陕西电信统一消息业务的搭建与实现。将用户类型按企业用户和个人用户来划分，按拓扑流程图介绍了两类用户如何享用此项服务、如何进行用户管理；并详细分析了邮件、语音、传真等功能的实现；最后对此业务提出了建设性的收费模式。     

堇青石质蜂窝陶瓷载体表面改性前后的SEM和EDS研究

蜂窝陶瓷是一种多孔陶瓷，它具有高强度、低膨胀、耐热震性好、吸附性强、耐磨损等优点。目前，广泛应用于汽车尾气净化器、柴油机烟尘离子净化器及臭氧抑制催化剂载体。堇青石质蜂窝陶瓷载体是氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化硅按一定比例焙烧形成，由于比表面积较小，常常先采取酸浸，然后在其表面涂覆一层比表面积大的物质，如γ-Al2O3，其目的是进行表面处理形成酸性活性中心并且使载体的孔道增加，从而增加催化材料的活性。     

Y（F4‘）条件与加强形式的停止定理

首次提出了Ｙ（Ｆ４＇）条件，给出了Ｙ（Ｆ４＇）条件的两个等价关系，得到了加强形式的停止定理和强鞅的一个等价关系。