红外热图诊断术在耳鼻喉科临床应用

红外热图诊断术在耳鼻喉科临床应用刘少华，徐丽萍（上海市纺织局第三医院）姜宗桥（海水下工程科研院生理室）红外热图诊断术是根据人体表面温度分布图象了解人体的病理生理变化，因此越是位于浅表的病灶越容易在热图上显示。鼻腔、鼻窦、鼻咽部、耳道、中耳及咽喉部等深...     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

EPON的网络规划与实现

随着光纤接入的进一步发展, xDSL 向FTTx演进是必然趋势,光纤接入网络将成为城域网/SS(软交换系统) 与家庭网关/IAD(综合接入设备) 之间的主要载体.以太网无源光网络(EPON)作为新一代光网络接入技术, 是实现FTTx 的主要技术之一.文章简要介绍了EPON 的系统结构和工作原理, 重点论述EPON 技术在电信网络中实现的方式,并指出了网络实现中存在的问题, 最后, 展望了EPON 技术的发展前景.     

嵌入式系统中SNMP Agent和WBM综合设计

SNMP是目前Internet中网络节点和主机管理的最重要协议,基于Web的网络管理近些年发展很快,但是,如何实现两种网管方式的有机结合和资源共享却有一系列问题需要考虑.文中结合宽带网络接入系统的项目设计,综合使用国际上最新的各种网络管理开发工具,对SNMP Agent和嵌入式Web网管系统进行了研究,着重讨论了实现本系统网管部分的关键技术和具体实现过程.     

基于LDPC码的BICM系统性能分析

低密度校验码(LDPC)由于其编码增益高、译码速度快、性能接近香农限的优点,目前得到学术界的广泛关注.文中简单介绍了LDPC码及其译码算法,在此基础上结合比特交织编码调制(BICM)系统,并在算法上作出了相应改进.仿真结果表明,在高斯信道、充分交织瑞利信道、相关瑞利衰落信道下,此算法正确有效.     

波耳共振仪数据可视化与精确化探究

通过光电编码器对波耳共振仪的数据进行可视化与精确化处理,设计相应的机械结构安装光电编码器,编写STM32单片机程序,间隔10ms读取编码器信息,并将摆轮的信息实时呈现在计算机上.对所采集的大量数据进行处理,可得角位移-时间曲线、角速度-时间曲线和振动相图.利用改进后的仪器可探究自由振动、阻尼振动、受迫振动的运动规律并观察上述物理运动中的混沌现象.     

氨基功能化介孔二氧化硅对布洛芬的吸附和缓释性能研究

采用后合法对介孔二氧化硅SBA-15进行氨基改性,并以改性后材料NH2-SBA-15为载体,以疏水性药物布洛芬(IBU)为模型药物分子,通过浸渍法把IBU填充到载体的孔道内。利用XRD、低温N2吸附-脱附和FT-IR等测试手段,研究了载体的结构及载体与药物间的相互作用。结果表明,IBU通过扩散和化学吸附作用填充到了载体的孔道内,并且载体表面与IBU间存在较强的化学作用。体外模拟释放实验结果显示,与未改性的SBA-15相比,改性后样品NH2-SBA-15对IBU的释放较慢,体现了明显的药物缓释性能。     

基于肖特基势垒二极管整流的功率指示计设计

设计了一种适用于低中频接收机的功率指示计。采用肖特基势垒二极管作为整流器件,降低了电路设计的复杂度,减小了系统功耗;功率指示计中的限幅放大器采用交流耦合的方式,消除了输入直流失调的影响,降低了设计难度。电路基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺进行设计,测试结果表明,设计的功率指示计针对－50~0 dBm的10 MHz中频信号可以产生0.25 ~ 1.65 V的直流电压,线性误差小于±1 dB,在1.8 V电源电压下,整体功耗仅为1.4 mW。     

生物柴油-乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧过程模拟与分析

为了研究生物柴油-乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性,使用AVL-FIRE软件对纯柴油和B30E10(含30%体积分数的生物柴油,10%体积分数的乙醇和60%体积分数柴油的生物柴油-乙醇-柴油混合燃料)的缸内燃烧和喷雾过程进行模拟分析,将燃烧室进行切片,比较了两种燃料的速度场、压力场和温度场变化及变化规律。研究结果表明:在燃烧初期,B30E10燃烧比柴油慢,随着燃烧的进行,当燃油堆积于燃烧室凹槽后,B30E10在缸内的燃烧速度、压力和缸内温度均比柴油低。     

树枝状微米NiSe2的制备及形成机制

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软模板,SeO2为硒源,通过水热法制备了立方结构的树枝状NiSe2微米粒子。用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,PEG的存在、溶液的pH值以及反应时间等因素对产物的形貌和结构有较大影响。在PEG的辅助下,NiSe2微米粒子能形成规整的树枝状结构;在无PEG的条件下,则形成了正八面体结构的微米粒子。并提出了树枝状NiSe2微米粒子的形成机理。