人烟过疏地区用用户线传输方式——数字用户线多路复用方式

解说 人烟过疏地区用用户线传输方式,是为满足较远离电话局地区对电话的需要,提供既经济又品质高的用户线路传输方式。 数字用户线多路复用方式(SM—DI方式),是综合增量(Δ)调制,高速脉冲传输等的数字传输技术和纵横制交换技术等的传输方式,在采用7对心线的1个系数中最多可容纳94个用户。94个用户把24路数字线路使用在分时系统中,当每1个用户的呼叫量设为0.08爱     

Experimental and modeling researches of dust particles in the HL-2A tokamak

The investigation of dust particle characteristics in fusion devices has become more and more imperative.In the HL-2A tokamak,the morphologies and compositions of dust particles are analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX) with mapping.The results indicate that the sizes of dust particles are in a range from 1 μm to 1 mm.Surprisingly,stainless steel spheres with a diameter of 2.5μm-30 μm are obtained.The production mechanisms of dust particles include flaking,disintegration,agglomeration,and arcing.In addition,dynamic characteristics of the flaking dust particles are observed by a CMOS fast framing camera and simulated by a computer program.Both of the results display that the ion friction force is dominant in the toroidal direction,while the centrifugal force is crucial in the radial direction.Therefore,the visible dust particles are accelerated toriodally by the ion friction force and migrated radially by the centrifugal force.The averaged velocity of the grain is on the order of~100 m/s.These results provide an additional supplement for one of critical plasma-wall interaction(PWI) issues in the framework of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER) programme.