几种新型卟啉的合成及其光敏性质

合成了４种新的卟啉配体及其锌的配合物，并用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、元素分析等手段对它们进行了表征。初步实验表明所合成的卟啉配体和金属卟啉均具有光敏性。     

An Alternative Method for Anomeric Deacetylation of Per-acetylated Carbohydrates

An alternative method for anomeric deacetylation of fully acetylated carbohydrates has been developed using imidazole in methanol.     

硝酸氯冰溶胶水解反应过程的计算模拟

用二级微扰(MP2)和密度泛函理论(B3LYP),辅以不同的基组,对硝酸氯在冰表面上水解反应的机理进行了理论计算研究.根据关键部位化学键的松弛效应和关键原子的电荷分布,对冰表面催化的原因进行了深入分析.水分子一方面作为桥,辅助分子间质子发生迁移;另一方面作为连续介质,通过偶极相互作用加快硝酸氯的水解过程.     

Catalytic incineration of n-hexane on Pt/Al2O3

The catalytic incineration of n-hexane over a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst has been studied using a fixed bed reaction. The reaction was carried out in dry air between 250 and 350 °C and at 1 atm pressure. The concentration of n-hexane was between 25 and 300 ppm. The reaction was found to be zero order in n-hexane concentration and the activation energy was found to be 21 kcal/mol. The zero order kinetics can be explained by a surface redox cycle known as Mars-van Krevelen mechanism in which the oxidation of surface Pt is the rate-controlling step.

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- Pt/Al₂O₃ . , 250–350°C 1 . - 25–300 .. - –21 /. , — , , , Pt.

     

Synthesis of Spherical Titanium Dioxide Particles by Homogeneous Precipitation in Acetone Solution

Titania powders were synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in a mixed solvent was studied. The dielectric constant was tuned by regulating the acetone/water volume ratio (R/H ratio) and temperature of the solvent. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was used as a steric dispersant. The synthesis were carried out at R/H ratios of 0–4, temperatures of 70–90°C, TiCl₄ concentrations of 0.05–0.2 M, HPC concentrations of 0–5 × 10^–3 g/cm³, and synthesis times of 15–60 min. The TiO₂ particles obtained at an R/H ratio of 0, i.e., pure water system, were fine and agglomerated. In contrast, the TiO₂ particles prepared at an R/H ratio of 3 were uniform and spherical. The TiO₂ particle size increased with increasing TiCl₄ concentration. The synthesis temperature did not influence the particle size, but greatly influenced the morphologyof the TiO₂. Adding HPC to the solution yielded more uniform and spherical particles. In addition, the synthesis time should be longer than 30 min to obtain the most uniform and spherical particles. The dielectric constant of the acetone-water mixed solvent at 28 gave the most uniform and spherical TiO₂ particles. The powders prepared at the condition of 0.1 M TiCl₄, R/H ratio of 3, HPC concentration of 0.001 g/cm³, temperature of 70°C, and synthesis time of 1 h exhibited the most uniform and spherical morphology. The as-synthesized powder was anatase and retained the phase below 400°C. It transformed to the rutile phase after calcination at 700°C.     

基于电纺丝法的In2O3/CdO复合材料的制备及甲醛气敏特性

用静电纺丝法制备了In(NO₃)₃/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纺丝前驱物, 然后分别在500、600、700℃时烧结得到三种In₂O₃ 纳米纤维. 通过X 射线衍射(XRD)仪、热重差热分析(TG/DTA)、场发射扫描式电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征结果得知, 500℃时In₂O₃的晶相已经形成, 且粒径为最小, 约为24 nm, 纳米纤维呈介孔结构.将三种烧结温度的In₂O₃纤维制作成气敏元件, 测试对比了三种元件对甲醛气体的敏感特性, 结果表明, 500℃烧结得到的In₂O₃纳米纤维在工作温度为240℃时响应最好, 对浓度为10×10^-6 (体积分数, φ)甲醛的响应为7.用静电纺丝法合成了CdO 纳米颗粒, 通过XRD、SEM 表征得知CdO 呈粒径约为68 nm 的颗粒. 将In₂O₃和CdO以不同摩尔比(1:1, 10:1, 20:1)复合, 对比测试了纯In₂O₃及三种In₂O₃/CdO复合材料对应的气敏元件对甲醛的气敏特性, 测试结果表明当In₂O₃纳米纤维与CdO纳米颗粒以摩尔比10:1 复合时, 元件的工作温度较低(200℃), 且对甲醛表现出最佳的气敏特性, 对浓度为10×10^-6甲醛的响应为13.6, 响应/恢复时间为140 s/32s. 最后对不同摩尔比复合的In₂O₃/CdO对甲醛的气敏机理进行了初步分析.     

核心素养下新旧人教版教材科学探究内容对比分析

基于新课标对核心素养“科学探究与创新意识”的水平划分,分别选择旧教材的“科学探究”栏目和新教材的“探究”栏目作为分析单元,从内容对象、开放水平等2个维度对新旧教材科学探究内容进行分析。分析结果显示,新教材探究活动数目减少,但其开放水平整体提高,减少了无效探究,增加了结构化的探究活动。建议教师充分把握新教材“探究”栏目的新特征,开展素养为本的教学。     

A novel method for the synthesis of sulfur substituted-cyclopyrophosphate of cADPR analogs

A facile and efficient protocol for the synthesis of sulfur substituted-cyclopyrophosphate of cIDPRE(P_S~1-cIDPRE) was developed.The key step was the cyclization process which was completed by the sulfur substituted cyclization precursor 1b via the one-pot phosphoramidite strategy.     

Forming extremely smooth ZnO thin film on silicon substrates for growth of large and well-aligned ZnO rods with the hydrothermal method

Sol–gel zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films generally have non-uniform stripes. After annealing at high temperatures, these thin films are rough and granular. When ZnO rods are grown on such rough and non-uniform surface with the hydrothermal method, collimation, crystalline structure, and defect density are very poor. Here we explore a method to solve this problem. The ZnO thin film is first coated with an Au layer to prohibit the vertical extension of crystallization during the annealing period. As a result, the surface morphology of ZnO thin film is very flat and uniform after annealing. Afterwards, the ZnO rods are grown on the flat and uniform thin film, which gives rise to ZnO rods with very good collimation and crystalline structure. The extremely flat ZnO thin film even enables the fabrication of patterned ZnO rod arrays with regular shapes through lithography.