Water-assisted mechanical testing of polymeric thin-films

Thin films with a nanometer-scale thickness are of great interest to both scientific and industrial communities due to their numerous applications and unique behaviors different from the bulk. However, the understanding of thin-film mechanics is still greatly hampered due to their intrinsic fragility and the lack of commercially available experimental instruments. In this review, we first discuss the progression of thin-film mechanical testing methods based on the supporting substrate: film-on-solid substrate method, film-on-water tensile tests, and water-assisted free-standing tensile tests. By comparing past studies on a model polymer, polystyrene, the effect of different substrates and confinement effect on the thin-film mechanics is evaluated. These techniques have generated fruitful scientific knowledge in the field of organic semiconductors for the understanding of structure–mechanical property relationships. We end this review by providing our perspective for their bright prospects in much broader applications and materials of interest.     

Radiometric analysis of Chinese commercial granites

Summary Due to the widespread use of granites as building and ornamental materials, measurements of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K activities in commercial granites have been carried out using a NaI(Tl)g-ray spectrometer with a matrix-inversion-based spectral stripping technique. The concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in Chinese commercial granite range from 14.5 to 204.7 Bq^. kg^-1, 16.7 to 186.7 Bq^. kg^-1and 185.7 to 1745.6 Bq^. kg^-1, respectively. The mean values of the activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in red and pink commercial granites are all higher than those in black and gray commercial ones. The radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq), the external hazard index (H_ex), the internal hazard index (H_in ) and the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) were also calculated and compared to the international recommended values. Six types of red commercial granites (CBR, MLR, QXR, PBR, JXR, LQR, YDR and TSR) of China do not satisfy the universal standards.     

Uniform hierarchical silica film with perpendicular macroporous channels and accessible ordered mesopores for biomolecule separation

Herein, we demonstrate that silica films with perpendicular macroporous channels and accessible ordered mesopores can be conveniently prepared. The hierarchical macroporous–mesoporous silica films are synthesized by using zinc oxide nanorod array as macroporous template and CTAB surfactant as mesoporous template. In basic surfactant-containing solution, ordered mesoporous silica shells homogeneously grow on the zinc oxide nanorod array. The growth of the mesostructures do not require any chemical modification for the zinc oxide nanorod, which opens a new way for preparing hierarchical silica films with perpendicular mesochannels. The prepared hierarchical macroporous–mesoporous silica films possess a uniform thickness of 2 mm, large perpendicular macropores with a length of 1.8 mm and a width of 80 nm, and accessible ordered mesopores. Separation experiment demonstrates that this macroporous–mesoporous film can effectively separate biomolecules with different sizes.     

一维硅纳米材料的可控制备和机理

一维硅纳米材料具有不同于体硅材料的特殊光电性能,在光电子领域具有潜在的应用价值.通过"剪裁"一维硅纳米材料的尺寸、形貌和化学组分等,可以调控其物理化学性质.因此,探索并实现一维硅纳米材料的可控制备对于其实际应用至关重要.本文综述了一维硅纳米材料可控制备的最新进展,介绍了几种重要的制备方法及其生长机理,比较了不同方法在可控制备一维硅纳米材料中的优缺点,并展望了其未来发展方向.     

空间-时间分数阶对流扩散方程的数值解法

本文考虑一个空间-时间分数阶对流扩散方程.这个方程是将一般的对流扩散方程中的时间一阶导数用α(0＜α＜1)阶导数代替,空间二阶导数用β(1＜β＜2)阶导数代替.本文提出了一个隐式差分格式,验证了这个格式是无条件稳定的,并证明了它的收敛性,其收敛阶为O(ι h).最后给出了数值例子.     

Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Thermomechanical properties of polymers highly depend on their glass transition temperature (T _g). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is commonly used to measure T _g of polymers. However, many conjugated polymers (CPs), especially donor–acceptor CPs (D–A CPs), do not show a clear glass transition when measured by conventional DSC using simple heat and cool scan. In this work, we discuss the origin of the difficulty for measuring T _g in such type of polymers. The changes in specific heat capacity (Δc _p) at T _g were accurately probed for a series of CPs by DSC. The results showed a significant decrease in Δc _p from flexible polymer (0.28 J g^?1 K^?1 for polystyrene) to rigid CPs (10^?3 J g^?1 K^?1 for a naphthalene diimide‐based D–A CP). When a conjugation breaker unit (flexible unit) is added to the D–A CPs, we observed restoration of the Δc _p at T _g by a factor of 10, confirming that backbone rigidity reduces the Δc _p. Additionally, an increase in the crystalline fraction of the CPs further reduces Δc _p. We conclude that the difficulties of determining T _g for CPs using DSC are mainly due to rigid backbone and semicrystalline nature. We also demonstrate that physical aging can be used on DSC to help locate and confirm the glass transition for D‐A CPs with weak transition signals. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1635–1644     

载银sod基纳米分子筛的合成及抗菌性能

采用两步法合成了 sod 基系列分子筛(EMT、FAU、SOD),并通过离子交换法引入 Ag⁺得到载银分子筛,通过 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证明离子交换前后分子筛骨架结构和晶粒尺寸没有发生明显变化;通过红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)证明制得的载银分子筛具有良好的稳定性;对获得的载银分子筛进行了Ag⁺释放实验与抗菌能力测试,考察了分子筛种类和晶粒尺寸对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明具有笼状结构的FAU与EMT分子筛因可储存更多的Ag⁺而具有更好的抗菌性能,而具有超笼结构的 FAU 分子筛抗菌性能最优。通过对比不同晶粒尺寸载银 FAU 分子筛抗菌数据发现,晶粒尺寸为 100 nm 的载银FAU分子筛因外表面丰富的抗菌活性位点以及其内部可以储存并不断释放 Ag⁺而具有最优的抗菌性能和抗菌寿命。而晶粒尺寸为10 nm的载银FAU分子筛由于晶粒尺寸较小、外比表面积大、扩散路径短,Ag⁺的释放速率最快,抗菌效率最高。     

一种新型多功能信号源系统的设计

为适应航天领域遥测外系统的快速发展,提出了一种新型多功能信号源系统的设计。系统以FPGA为逻辑控制单元,采用PCI总线接口实现了与上位机的通信,同时结合AD5628、AQY210及RS422接口芯片稳定地输出了多路模拟信号、开关信号及一路PCM信号。重点阐述了信号源系统硬件及软件设计中的关键技术。试验结果表明,该系统能够提供多种高精度、高可靠性的信号,且工作性能稳定,抗干扰能力强,数据传输速率达到40Mbps,PCM码率高达983.04kbps,满足了系统设计的要求。