Efficiency and coherence preservation studies of Be refractive lenses for XFELO application

Performance tests of parabolic beryllium refractive lenses, considered as X‐ray focusing elements in the future X‐ray free‐electron laser oscillator (XFELO), are reported. Single and double refractive lenses were subject to X‐ray tests, which included: surface profile, transmissivity measurements, imaging capabilities and wavefront distortion with grating interferometry. Optical metrology revealed that surface profiles were close to the design specification in terms of the figure and roughness. The transmissivity of the lenses is >94% at 8 keV and >98% at 14.4 and 18 keV. These values are close to the theoretical values of ideal lenses. Images of the bending‐magnet source obtained with the lenses were close to the expected ones and did not show any significant distortion. Grating interferometry revealed that the possible wavefront distortions produced by surface and bulk lens imperfections were on the level of ～λ/60 for 8 keV photons. Thus the Be lenses can be succesfully used as focusing and beam collimating elements in the XFELO.