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1.
In this paper, we propose a new approach to train a deep neural network with multiple intermediate auxiliary classifiers, branching from it. These ‘multi-exits’ models can be used to reduce the inference time by performing early exit on the intermediate branches, if the confidence of the prediction is higher than a threshold. They rely on the assumption that not all the samples require the same amount of processing to yield a good prediction. In this paper, we propose a way to train jointly all the branches of a multi-exit model without hyper-parameters, by weighting the predictions from each branch with a trained confidence score. Each confidence score is an approximation of the real one produced by the branch, and it is calculated and regularized while training the rest of the model. We evaluate our proposal on a set of image classification benchmarks, using different neural models and early-exit stopping criteria. 相似文献
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Viktor Kanicky Vitezslav Otruba J.-M. Mermet 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,363(4):339-346
A simple device was designed to measure the acoustic signal accompanying laser ablation. The potential use of this signal
for laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission was examined. A frequency quadrupled pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation
was used for the ablation of glass, steel and ceramic samples. The relation between the acoustic signal, the laser energy,
the analyte signal and the amount of ablated material was studied and evidence of the use of the acoustic signal for the exact
focusing of the laser beam onto the sample surface was given. A more intense acoustic signal was observed for the exact focusing
with a formation of larger ablation craters in glass and ceramics.
Received: 25 June 1998 / Revised: 25 September 1998 / Accepted: 30 September 1998 相似文献
4.
Viktor Kanicky Vitezslav Otruba J.-M. Mermet 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1999,363(4):339-346
A simple device was designed to measure the acoustic signal accompanying laser ablation. The potential use of this signal for laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission was examined. A frequency quadrupled pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation was used for the ablation of glass, steel and ceramic samples. The relation between the acoustic signal, the laser energy, the analyte signal and the amount of ablated material was studied and evidence of the use of the acoustic signal for the exact focusing of the laser beam onto the sample surface was given. A more intense acoustic signal was observed for the exact focusing with a formation of larger ablation craters in glass and ceramics. 相似文献
5.
Federico Moretti Anna Vedda Norberto Chiodini Mauro Fasoli Alessandro Lauria Vitezslav Jary Romana Kucerkova Eva Mihokova Angeloclaudio Nale Martin Nikl 《Journal of luminescence》2012,132(2):461-466
Structural and optical properties of sol–gel silica based glassceramics doped with 0.1 mol% Ce and codoped with Gd at high concentrations, from 5 mol% up to 40 mol%, are investigated and compared to those of analogous samples doped only with Ce. Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction reveal the formation of Gd apatite-like silicate (Gd4.67O(SiO4)3) and of Gd pyrosilicate (Gd2Si2O7) nanophases whose morphology and crystallinity depend on the Gd concentration and thermal treatments. Optical absorption measurements demonstrate the role of the densification atmosphere in modifying the charge state of Ce ions. The incorporation of Ce3+ ions in the nanophases is put in evidence by photo- and radio-luminescence results. 相似文献
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Pugnat P. Ballou R. Schott M. Husek T. Sulc M. Deferne G. Duvillaret L. Finger M. Finger M. Flekova L. Hosek J. Jary V. Jost R. Kral M. Kunc S. Macuchova K. Meissner K. A. Morville J. Romanini D. Siemko A. Slunecka M. Vitrant G. Zicha J. 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2014,74(8):1-7
Recent Planck measurements show some CMB anomalies on large angular scales, which confirms the early observations by WMAP. We show that an inflationary model, in which before the slow-roll inflation the Universe is in a superinflationary phase, can generate a large-scale cutoff in the primordial power spectrum, which may account for not only the power suppression on large angular scales, but also a large dipole power asymmetry in the CMB. We discuss an implementation of our model in string theory. 相似文献
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Linda Zaoralkova Ales Hrdlicka Vitezslav Otruba Petr Sulovsky Nicole Gilon Detlef Günther Viktor Kanicky 《Chemical Papers》2011,65(6):769-781
The applicability of laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry for assessing elemental distributions
in layered ceramics was investigated and compared with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Ordinary glazed wall tiles were
employed as model specimens due to their defined structure and composition. They were used for calibration in the analysis
of ancient pottery. A qualitative depth profile was acquired by single-spot laser drilling perpendicular to coatings with
a Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser coupled with an ICP optical emission spectrometer (OES). The lower lateral resolution associated
with the laser spot diameter of 1.0 mm led to smoothing of the depth profile due to the averaging of local irregularities.
In addition, transverse line scans by ablation across the tile section using an ArF* (193 nm) laser coupled with an ICP mass
spectrometer (MS) were performed. LA-ICP-OES depth profiles and LA-ICP-MS transverse scans were validated by EPMA section
scans and 2D back-scattered electrons images. The LA-ICP-OES acquisition was less dependent on sample surface and layer irregularities,
whereas the transverse line scan over the tile section with the small-spot beam offered insight into the micromorphology of
the individual layer. The combined approach revealed the occurrence of individual mineral grains, micro-heterogeneities and
the character of interfaces between layers. 相似文献
8.
Luminescence spectroscopy of the Bi single and dimer centers in Y3Al5O12:Bi single crystalline films
Luminescence of the Bi3+ single and dimer centers in UV and visible ranges is studied in YAG:Bi (0.13 and 0.27 at% of Bi, respectively) single crystalline films (SCFs), grown by liquid phase epitaxy from a Bi2O3 flux. The cathodoluminescence spectra, photoluminescence decays, and time-resolved spectra are measured under the excitation by accelerated electrons and synchrotron radiation with energies of 3.7 and 12 eV, respectively. The energy level structure of the Bi3+ single and dimer centers was determined. The UV luminescence of YAG:Bi SCF in the bands that peaked at 4.045 and 3.995 eV at 300 K is caused by radiative transitions of Bi3+ single and dimer centers, respectively. The excitation spectra of UV luminescence of Bi3+ single and dimer centers consist of two dominant bands, peaked at 4.7/4.315 and 5.7/6.15 eV, related to the 1S0→3P1 (A band) and 1S0→ 1P1 (C-band) transitions of Bi3+ ions, respectively. The excitation bands that peaked at 7.0 and 7.09 eV are ascribed to excitons bound with the Bi3+ single and dimer centers, respectively. The visible luminescence of YAG:Bi SCF presents superposition of several wide emission bands peaking within the 3.125-2.57 eV range and is ascribed to different types of excitons localized around the Bi3+ single and dimer centers. Apart from the above mentioned A and C bands the excitation spectra of visible luminescence contain wide bands at 5.25, 5.93, and 6.85 eV ascribed to the O2−→Bi3+ and Bi3+→Bi4+ + e charge transfer transition (CTT) in Bi3+ single and dimer centers. The observed significant differences in the decay kinetics of visible luminescence under excitation in A and C bands of Bi3+ ions, CTT bands, and in the exciton and interband transitions confirm the radiative decay of different types of excitons localized around Bi3+ ions in the single and dimer centers. 相似文献
9.
V. Jary M. Nikl E. Mihokova P. Bohacek B. Trunda K. Polak V. Studnicka V. Mucka 《Radiation measurements》2010,45(3-6):406-408
Pb2+ excitation and emission spectra and decay kinetics in SrHfO3 host are measured within 10–350 K temperature interval. Temperature dependence of decay times is fit by the phenomenological model describing the dynamics of the lowest excited state of Pb2+ ion. The best fit provided corresponding quantitative parameters of the model. Suitability of the Pb-doped SrHfO3 for phosphor and scintillator application is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Thorsten Ganglberger Walther G. Jary Peter Pöchlauer Jean-Marie Aubry Véronique Nardello Heinz Falk 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2004,135(5):501-507
Summary. A novel chemical source of singlet oxygen based on the conversion of ozone by tin(II) was developed into a method feasible for preparative purposes. The optimum reagent for this purpose was found to be Sn(II) triflate in ethyl acetate as the solvent. 相似文献