Unsteady and chaotic characteristics of natural convection field in vertical slots at large Prandtl number

In this study we examined the unsteady and chaotic characteristics of the natural convection field in vertical slots at large Prandtl number. In the computation, temperature dependence of viscosity was partially taken into consideration. As a result we discovered that the spatial region where a significant temperature fluctuation is detected corresponds to the spatial region where the secondary cells exist. The largest Lyapunov exponents calculated from the temperature on the center line have a local maximum at the lower region of the enclosure when the viscosity change was considered. These characteristics agree well with the experimental ones that have been observed by authors (Ishida, Kure and Kimoto 2001).     

Inner Radius of Univalence for a Strongly Starlike Domain

 The inner radius of univalence of a domain D with Poincaré density ρ _D is the possible largest number σ such that the condition ∥ S _f ∥ _D  = sup _{w∈ D} ρ _D (w) ⁻²∥ S _f (z) ∥ ≤ σ implies univalence of f for a nonconstant meromorphic function f on D, where S _f is the Schwarzian derivative of f. In this note, we give a lower bound of the inner radius of univalence for strongly starlike domains of order α in terms of the order α. The author was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists, 11740088. A part of this work was carried out during his visit to the University of Helsinki under the exchange programme of scientists between the Academy of Finland and the JSPS. Received November 26, 2001; in revised form September 24, 2002 Published online May 9, 2003     

Simple and rapid determination of trace amounts of gold(III), palladium(II), and platinum(IV) in industrial waste solutions after recovery of noble metals by combined use of GFAAS and anion-exchange separation.

A simple and rapid method for the analysis of trace amounts of gold(III), palladium(II), and platinum(IV) by the combined use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and anion-exchange separation was proposed, and successfully applied to the rapid determination of metals in industrial waste solutions obtained from the final process of noble-metal recovery factories, because noble metals can be selectively and quantitatively separated to a high degree by using a small column containing only a 0.7 g-portion of a common anion-exchange resin and a dilute thiourea solution.     

Synthesis of spherical and hemispherical sugar‐containing poly(ornithine) dendrimers

A novel sugar‐containing poly(ornithine) dendrimer is synthesized for possible antigen delivery and related applications. The dendrimer contains an ornithine dendron as interior scaffolding and oligosaccharides on the periphery, which provide an attachment site for a peptide antigen. Maltose or lactose is bound to both hemispherical and spherical poly(ornithine) dendrimer generation 3 (G3) by reductive amination between its reducing end and the peripheral amino group of the dendrimer using a borane‐pyridine complex in a buffer solution at 50 °C. The degree of substitution of sugar is changed by varying the molar ratio of sugar to dendrimer. When the surface of spherical poly(ornithine) dendrimer G3 is modified by binding β‐alanine to the 16 amino groups, highly substituted maltose‐ or lactose‐β‐alanine‐poly(ornithine) dendrimer G3 is obtained in high yield after 7 days of reaction. The structures of these sugar‐containing dendrimers are characterized by NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analyses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1400–1414, 2004     

Design and synthesis of novel imidazolium-based ionic liquids with a pseudo crown-ether moiety: diastereomeric interaction of a racemic ionic liquid with enantiopure europium complexes

A planar-chiral imidazolium salt with a tris(oxoethylene) bridge was synthesized, and its potential application as a room temperature ionic liquid with a molecular-recognition ability was demonstrated.     

Lithographic design of photosensitive polyarylates based on reaction development patterning

The factors affecting pattern‐forming properties in reaction development patterning were examined with polyarylates with various bisphenol moieties. The developability of the photosensitive polyarylates was dependent on the properties of the subtituent (R) in the bisphenol moieties. The development time decreased in the following order: R?C(CH₃)₂ > fluorenyl unit ? phenolphthalein unit > C(CF₃)₂ > SO₂. This order agreed with that of the reactivity between the polyarylates and ethanolamine, and these orders can be explained by pK_a of the bisphenol used to prepare the polyarylates. The development with NH₂? R′? OH resulted in successful positive‐tone pattern formation. However, pattern formation with the developers containing NH₂? R′? OCH₃ was unsuccessful. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2694–2706, 2006