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2.
Lagrangian and Eulerian modelling approaches are compared for simulating turbulent dispersion and coalescence of droplets within a spray. Both models predict similar droplet dispersion rates and shifts in droplet size distribution due to coalescence within the spray, over a wide range of droplet and gas flows, and for sprays with different droplet-size distributions at the nozzle exit. The computer time required for simulating coalescence within a steady axisymmetric spray is of a similar order of magnitude regardless of which formulation, Eulerian or Lagrangian, is adopted. However, the Lagrangian formulation is more practical in terms of the range of applicability and ease of implementation. 相似文献
3.
M. R. McEwen J. P. Sephton P. H. G. Sharpe D. R. Shipley 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》2003,68(6):1017-1022
A phantom composed of alanine dosimeter material has been constructed and depth–dose measurements made in a 10 MeV electron beam. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of using relative depth–dose measurements to determine stopping power ratios in materials of dosimetric interest. Experimental stopping power ratios for alanine dosimeter material and water agreed with the data of ICRU Report 37 within the uncertainty of the experiment (±1.2% at a 95% confidence level). 相似文献
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Laura Bader Nicola Durante Maska Law Guglielmo Lunardon Tim Penttila 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》2003,29(1-3):41-50
We do the tentative beginnings of a study of BLT-sets of generalised quadrangles via their symmetries. In particular, the study of whorls about a line leads us to hyperbolic reflections preserving a BLT-set of Q(4, q). 相似文献
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7.
A stable model category is a setting for homotopy theory where the suspension functor is invertible. The prototypical examples are the category of spectra in the sense of stable homotopy theory and the category of unbounded chain complexes of modules over a ring. In this paper we develop methods for deciding when two stable model categories represent ‘the same homotopy theory’. We show that stable model categories with a single compact generator are equivalent to modules over a ring spectrum. More generally stable model categories with a set of generators are characterized as modules over a ‘ring spectrum with several objects’, i.e., as spectrum valued diagram categories. We also prove a Morita theorem which shows how equivalences between module categories over ring spectra can be realized by smashing with a pair of bimodules. Finally, we characterize stable model categories which represent the derived category of a ring. This is a slight generalization of Rickard's work on derived equivalent rings. We also include a proof of the model category equivalence of modules over the Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum HR and (unbounded) chain complexes of R-modules for a ring R. 相似文献
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9.
Tim R. Dargaville Julie M. Elliott Mathew Celina 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(22):3253-3264
Films of piezoelectric PVDF and P(VDF‐TrFE) were exposed to vacuum UV (115–300 nm VUV) and γ‐radiation to investigate how these two forms of radiation affect the chemical, morphological, and piezoelectric properties of the polymers. The extent of crosslinking was almost identical in both polymers after γ‐irradiation, but surprisingly, was significantly higher for the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation. Changes in the melting behavior were also more significant in the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation due to both surface and bulk crosslinking, compared with only surface crosslinking for the PVDF films. The piezoelectric properties (measured using d33 piezoelectric coefficients and D‐E hysteresis loops) were unchanged in the PVDF homopolymer, while the TrFE copolymer exhibited more narrow D‐E loops after exposure to either γ‐ or VUV‐radiation. The more severe damage to the TrFE copolymer in comparison with the PVDF homopolymer after VUV‐irradiation is explained by different energy deposition characteristics. The short wavelength, highly energetic photons are undoubtedly absorbed in the surface layers of both polymers, and we propose that while the longer wavelength components of the VUV‐radiation are absorbed by the bulk of the TrFE copolymer causing crosslinking, they are transmitted harmlessly in the PVDF homopolymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3253–3264, 2006 相似文献
10.
Tim Bedford 《Constructive Approximation》1989,5(1):33-48
We consider some self-affine fractal functions previously studied by Barnsleyet al. The graphs of these functions are invariant under certain affine scalings, and we extend their definition to allow the use of nonlinear scalings. The Hölder exponent,h, for these fractal functions is calculated and we show that there is a larger Hölder exponent,h
, defined at almost every point (with respect to Lebesgue measure). For a class of such functions defined using linear affinities these exponents are related to the box dimensionD
B of the graph byh2–D
Bh
.Communicated by Michael F. Barnsley. 相似文献