The radioisotopic battery based on radio-voltaic effect

The radio-voltaic effect is investigated to be applied radioisotopic batteries in this work. The collection rates of the electron-hole pairs are 94 percent for the alpha particles emitted by²³⁹Pu source and 65 percent for the beta particles emitted by⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y source. The maximum energy conversion efficiency got by the silicon element is about 16%. A prototype radioisotopic battery with¹⁴⁷Pm beta sources is constructed. Its maximum short-circuit current and off voltage are about 2 A and 190 mV respectively. The experimental data suggest that the life of the prototype battery may be more than three years.     

用定性定量系列演示整治静电教学中的顽症

本文针对静电学教学中出现的一些重点、难点，提出了定性定量的演示方案。     

浅谈开展课程建设与提高实验课教学质量

本文就如何开展物理实验课程建设，提高教学质量，从几方面进行了讨论和研究。     

Adaptive fuzzy output feedback control for a single-link flexible robot manipulator driven DC motor via backstepping

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback approach is proposed for a single-link robotic manipulator coupled to a brushed direct current (DC) motor with a nonrigid joint. The controller is designed to compensate for the nonlinear dynamics associated with the mechanical subsystem and the electrical subsystems while only requiring the measurements of link position. Using fuzzy logic systems to approximate the unknown nonlinearities, an adaptive fuzzy filter observer is designed to estimate the immeasurable states. By combining the adaptive backstepping and dynamic surface control (DSC) techniques, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control approach is developed. Stability proof of the overall closed-loop system is given via the Lyapunov direct method. Three key advantages of our scheme are as follows: (i) the proposed adaptive fuzzy control approach does not require that all the states of the system be measured directly, (ii) the proposed control approach can solve the control problem of robotic manipulators with unknown nonlinear uncertainties, and (iii) the problem of “explosion of complexity” existing in the conventional backstepping control methods is avoided. The detailed simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Decentralized adaptive neural control of nonlinear systems with unknown time delays

In this paper, a novel decentralized adaptive neural control scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear time-delay systems. RBF neural networks (NNs) are used to tackle unknown nonlinear functions, then the decentralized adaptive NN tracking controller is constructed by combining Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions and the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique along with the minimal-learning-parameters (MLP) algorithm. The proposed controller guarantees semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness (SGUUB) of all the signals in the closed-loop large-scale system, while the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. An advantage of the proposed control scheme lies in that the number of adaptive parameters for each subsystem is reduced to one, and three problems of “computational explosion,” “dimension curse” and “controller singularity” are solved, respectively. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme.     

分子动力学模拟玻璃微球充气保气性能的机理

为了探讨载能重粒子辐照改善惯性约束聚变中所用玻璃微球的充气性能,以及热弛豫过程中改善其保气性能的微观机制,利用分子动力学的方法对载能重粒子辐照前后的SiO₂玻璃在内部形成气体扩散微通道的机理进行了模拟研究。结果表明,重粒子辐照可以在SiO₂玻璃中形成明显的扩散通道,说明辐照后的玻璃更适合通入Ar等较大尺寸气体;在高温高压的条件下,形成的扩散通道有逐渐关闭的趋势,辐照产生的缺陷能够在一定程度上得到修复。因此,利用重粒子辐照的方法,可在玻璃体中产生充气的微通道,该通道在高温高压下可实现关闭,从而起到开关的作用。模拟结果可为实验上通过重粒子辐照提升微球玻璃充气保气性能的方法提供理论支持,说明该方法具有可行性。     

MITC元的分析

1 引言 有限元求解厚薄板通用的R-M(Reissner-Mindlin)模型板问题,单元只需具有C°连续性,这一点优于需具有C~1连续性的Kirchhoff模型薄板单元.但是当板厚趋于零时,通常的低阶C°元却不收敛,这就是所谓的Locking现象.Bathe和Brezzi等将R-M板模型转化成2阶椭园问题与Stokes问题的耦合形式,据此提出求解R-M板问题的混合扦值单元MITC~([1]、[2]、[3]):设挠度ω的形函数空间是W,转角β=(βx,βy)的形空间是B,在计算剪切应变时,分别将βx,βy按不同方式投影到空间和.数值结果表明这类单元具有很好的收敛性.本文分析MITC元,导出投影算子的显表达式,根据[5]关于Locking现象的一个数学分析,证明当板厚趋于零时,投影算子的选取方式使剪切应变部分对应于特定点上的Kirchhoff条件,引起Locking现象的因素被消除,从而显式证明MITC元避免了Locking 现象. 2 MITC元的整体性质 考虑R-M板弯曲问题,求挠度,转角,使下列板的能量泛函达极小: (1) (2) 其中E是杨氏模量,υ是Possion比,0<υ<1/2,t是板厚,k是剪力校正因子,Ω是板的中面占有的平面区域,f是横向荷载.(1)的第一项是弯曲应变能,第二项是剪切应变能. 设有限元空间是W_h×B_h,W_hH_0~1(Ω),B_h[H_0~1(Ω)]~2,J_h是Ω的单元部分,Ω=K,K是单元,对(1)的直接离散是求(     

On discrete fourth-order boundary value problems with three parameters

In this paper, the existence, multiplicity, and nonexistence results of nontrivial solutions are obtained for discrete nonlinear fourth-order boundary value problems with three parameters. The methods used here are based on the critical point theory and monotone operator theory.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of losses in air-core plastic photonic bandgap fibers

The loss properties of air-core plastic photonic bandgap fibers are analyzed by multipole method. Despite the relatively large absorption loss of plastics (PMMA), the contribution of material absorption loss can be reduced significantly through appropriate selection of operating wavelength, number of cladding air-hole rings, radius of air-core, and position of photonic band gap. The transmission loss in this type of fiber can be decreased by an order of magnitude in comparison with that of conventional plastic optical fiber.